chap1: cell structure & organisation

Question 1

function of the nucleus

Answer 1

contains genetic material
controls cell activities

Question 2

function of the cell membrane

Answer 2

partially permeable to control substances moving in and out of the cell

Question 3

function of the cell wall

Answer 3

fully permeable
gives cells a fixed shape
absent in human cells

Question 4

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 4

site of cell activity

Question 5

function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 5

transports protein made by the ribosomes to the golgi body

Question 6

function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 6

ribosomes attached to it
transports protein made by the ribosomes to the golgi body

Question 7

function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 7

does not contain ribosomes
synthesises fats and steroids
involved in detoxification

Question 8

function of the golgi body

Answer 8

modifies, stores and packages substances from the ER into vesicles to be transported out of the cell

Question 9

function of the mitochondria

Answer 9

site of aerobic respiration
oxidise food to release energy for cellular activities
releases energy in the process of aerobic respiration

Question 10

function of the mitochondria

Answer 10

site of aerobic respiration
oxidise food to release energy for cellular activities
releases energy in the process of aerobic respiration

Question 11

function of the vacuole

Answer 11

animals: small and many, stores mineral salts and sugar
plants: large and singular, stores water and food substances

Question 12

how is red blood cell adapted to its functions

Answer 12

contains haemoglobin: binds to o2 and transports it around the body
no nucleus: cell can store more haemoglobin for transport of o2
biconcave shape: increases surface area to volume ratio so that o2 can diffuse in and out at a higher rate
flexible: can easily squeeze through narrow capillaries easily

Question 13

how is the muscle cell adapted to its functions

Answer 13

contains mitochondria: provides the energy needed to provide energy for contractions
elongated and cylindrical in shape: contains many nuclei and mitochondria

Question 14

how is the root hair cell abated to its functions

Answer 14

long and elongated root hair: increases surface area to volume ratio to absorbed water and mineral salts at a higher rate

Question 15

how are substances made by the ER moved out of the cells

Answer 15

vesicles transport substances within the cell. small vesicles that contain substances made by the ER are pinched off the ER. these vesicles fuse with the golgi body to transport and modify substances. secretary vesicles containing modified substances pinch off the golgi body and move towards the cell membrane where the fuse and their contents are released out of the cell.