chap11: infectious disease Flashcards
what is a disease
a condition that causes the body to function less effectively
diseases produce a specific signs or symptoms
what are pathogens
they cause diseases
how are infectious diseases spread?
droplets in the air
direct contact
contaminated food and water
bacterial cell structure
does not have nucleus
has cell wall, cell membrane, ribosome, cytoplasm, dna, flagellum
virus structure
has a protein coat and genetic material (RNA/DNA)
does not have cellular structure (cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles)
how can infectious diseases be prevented
vaccinations
limit contact with sick people
wear a mask
wash hands with soap
how can infectious diseases be prevented
vaccinations
limit contact with sick people
wear a mask
wash hands with soap
symptoms of influenza
high fever, headache, stuffy nose, cough etc
symptoms of pneumococcal disease
ear infection, lung infection, inflammation of brain and spinal chord membrane, infection of blood
what are vaccines
they contain an agent that resembles a pathogen and prevents infectious disease by stimulating white blood cells to quickly produce antibodies when the pathogen invades
how do antibiotics work
inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cell wall: weakens the cell wall which allows water to enter the cell by osmosis. cell expands, bursts and dies
inhibits cell membrane function: without cell membrane, cell is no longer protected from substances that can freely enter
inhibits protein synthesis of ribosome: ribosome can no linger synthesis protein and this inhibits its growth
inhibits enzyme action in cytoplasm: inhibits folic acid production which is needed for bacteria growth
why doesn’t antibiotics work on viruses
antibiotics act on bacterial cell walls, viruses have no cell wall
antibiotics break up cell membrane, viruses do not have cell membrane
antibiotics act on ribosomes and inhibit protein synthesis for growth, viruses do not have ribosomes and do not grow
how can antibiotics resistance be reduced
finish full prescription of antibiotics
do not take antibiotics when not needed
