Chap14/15

Question 1

What is the longitudinal fissure?

Answer 1

A deep groove separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

It plays a crucial role in separating the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 2

What regulates heart rate and force of contractions?

Answer 2

The medulla oblongata.

It is a part of the brainstem that controls vital autonomic functions.

Question 3

What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 3

• Cushioning the brain/spinal cord
• Removing waste
• Providing nutrients

CSF is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system.

Question 4

What does the reticular activating system (RAS) regulate?

Answer 4

Wakefulness, alertness, and consciousness.

RAS plays a key role in controlling the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 5

What is the function of the optic nerve (Cranial Nerve II)?

Answer 5

Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

It is crucial for vision and visual processing.

Question 6

Where is the cell body of autonomic preganglionic fibers located?

Answer 6

CNS (brainstem or spinal cord).

This location is essential for their role in the autonomic nervous system.

Question 7

What is the myelination status of autonomic preganglionic fibers?

Answer 7

Lightly myelinated.

This affects the speed of impulse conduction in these fibers.

Question 8

What neurotransmitter is primarily used by autonomic preganglionic fibers?

Answer 8

Acetylcholine (ACh).

ACh is crucial for transmitting signals in the autonomic nervous system.

Question 9

What is the length of parasympathetic preganglionic fibers?

Answer 9

Long.

This characteristic is important for their function in the body.

Question 10

What is the length of sympathetic preganglionic fibers?

Answer 10

Short.

This difference in length distinguishes sympathetic fibers from parasympathetic fibers.

Question 11

What do postganglionic fibers innervate?

Answer 11

Effectors (e.g., glands, smooth muscle).

This is essential for the execution of autonomic responses.

Question 12

What neurotransmitter do sympathetic fibers typically release?

Answer 12

Norepinephrine.

Norepinephrine is involved in the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 13

What neurotransmitter do parasympathetic fibers release?

Answer 13

Acetylcholine (ACh).

ACh is key for ‘rest and digest’ processes in the body.