Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCP Anatomy 💙🧠 > Chap 17/18 > Flashcards

Chap 17/18 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the special senses

A

Hearing and equilibrium, taste, smell, vision

Special senses are associated with specific organs: ears for hearing and equilibrium, tongue for taste, nose for smell, and eyes for vision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of receptors are olfactory receptors?

A

Chemoreceptors

Chemoreceptors detect chemical molecules in the air, which is essential for the sense of smell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the primary olfactory area located?

A

Temporal lobe of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

Thin, transparent membrane covering the sclera and lining the inside of the eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Produces and drains tears to lubricate and protect the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the iris control?

A

Size of the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pupil?

A

Opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the five primary tastes

A
  • Sweet
  • Sour
  • Salty
  • Bitter
  • Umami
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percentage of taste perception comes from smell?

A

Up to 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What muscle adjusts the lens shape for focusing?

A

Ciliary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the blind spot?

A

Located where the optic nerve exits the eye; no photoreceptors are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of vitreous humour?

A

Stabilizes the eye and supports the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the sclera.

A

Tough outer layer that protects and gives structure to the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens if the drainage of aqueous humour is blocked?

A

Intraocular pressure increases, potentially leading to glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

Aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eye?

A

Aqueous humour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are taste receptors (taste buds) primarily located?

A

On the tongue, but also in the soft palate, pharynx, and epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of papillae that contain taste buds?

A
  • Fungiform
  • Foliate
  • Circumvallate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the lifespan of taste receptors?

A

Approximately 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does the pupil appear black?

A

It reflects the darkness of the retina at the back of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the functions of rods?

A

Detect light and dark; responsible for night vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the functions of cones?

A

Detect color; provide sharp, detailed vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of eyelashes?

A

Protect the eyes from debris and help trigger a blink reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of eyebrows?

A

Prevent sweat and debris from entering the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

Brain (diencephalon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What gland is located below the hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found?

A

Neck, in front of the trachea

28
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Embedded in the posterior thyroid

29
Q

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

A

On top of the kidneys

30
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Behind the stomach

31
Q

In which region are the ovaries and testes located?

A

Pelvic region

32
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

Brain, near the thalamus

33
Q

What is the process of increasing receptor numbers in response to low hormone levels called?

A

Up-regulation

34
Q

What is the process of decreasing receptor numbers in response to high hormone levels called?

A

Down-regulation

35
Q

What do G proteins activate in relation to water-soluble hormones?

A

Production of cAMP (a second messenger)

36
Q

What hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

A

Aldosterone

37
Q

What is the role of cortisol secreted by the zona fasciculata?

A

Stress hormone, glucose regulation

38
Q

What hormones are secreted by the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex?

A

Androgens (sex hormones)

39
Q

What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

40
Q

Which hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland? (List at least three)

A
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
41
Q

What hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin

42
Q

Which hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

A
  • Thyroxine (T4)
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
  • Calcitonin
43
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

44
Q

What do the alpha cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon

45
Q

What do the beta cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin

46
Q

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
47
Q

What hormone is secreted by the testes?

A

Testosterone

48
Q

What releases prolactin releasing hormone?

A

Hypothalamus

49
Q

What releases thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

Anterior pituitary

50
Q

What releases cortisol?

A

Suprarenal (adrenal) gland

51
Q

What releases antidiuretic hormone?

A

Posterior pituitary

52
Q

What releases calcitonin?

A

Thyroid gland

53
Q

What releases parathyroid hormone?

A

Parathyroid gland

54
Q

What releases estrogen?

A

Ovaries

55
Q

What releases insulin?

A

Beta cells of pancreas

56
Q

What releases glucagon?

A

Alpha cells of pancreas

57
Q

What releases melatonin?

A

Pineal gland

58
Q

What structure produces a fluid that contains water, salts, mucus, and lysozyme?

A

The lacrimal apparatus

The lacrimal apparatus is essential for tear production and eye lubrication.

59
Q

Which muscle helps move the eye?

A

The superior rectus

The superior rectus is one of the extraocular muscles responsible for eye movement.

60
Q

What is made of dense connective tissue and gives shape to the eyeball?

A

The sclera

The sclera is the white outer layer of the eyeball.

61
Q

What produces aqueous humor?

A

The ciliary processes

Aqueous humor is crucial for maintaining intraocular pressure and providing nutrients to the eye.

62
Q

What allows light to enter the eye?

A

The pupil

The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that regulates light entry.

63
Q

What regulates the amount of light that enters the eye?

A

The iris

The iris adjusts the size of the pupil in response to light conditions.

64
Q

What structures give color vision?

A

Cones

Cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina that detect color.

65
Q

What gives black, white, and gray vision?

A

Rods

Rods are photoreceptor cells that function well in low light and do not detect color.

66
Q

This substance is formed during fetal life and is not continually replaced. What is it?

A

Vitreous humor

Vitreous humor is a gel-like substance filling the space between the lens and the retina.

PCP Anatomy 💙🧠 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions