Chap 6/9 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the curvature of long bones?
Provides strength and helps distribute weight evenly to withstand stress without breaking. Enhances shock absorption.
Name three examples of long bones.
- Femur
- Humerus
- Tibia
Name three examples of short bones.
- Carpals
- Tarsals
Name three examples of flat bones.
- Sternum
- Scapula
- Ribs
What is a sesamoid bone? Provide an example.
A bone embedded within a tendon. Example: Patella.
What is the function of a foramen?
Allowing the passage of blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments.
What is an example of a foramen in the skull?
Foramen magnum.
What are the components of the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Rib cage
What are the components of the appendicular skeleton?
- Pectoral girdle
- Pelvic girdle
- Limbs
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7 (C1-C7)
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12 (T1-T12)
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5 (L1-L5)
How many vertebrae make up the sacrum?
1
How many vertebrae make up the coccyx?
1
What are true ribs?
Ribs 1-7 that directly articulate with the sternum.
What are false ribs?
Ribs 8-10 that indirectly articulate with the sternum via cartilage.
What are floating ribs?
Ribs 11-12 that do not articulate with the sternum.
What bones are included in the pectoral girdle?
- Clavicle
- Scapula
Name the regions and structures of the humerus.
- Head
- Greater tubercle
- Lesser tubercle
- Deltoid tuberosity
- Capitulum
- Trochlea
- Olecranon fossa
What are the names of the carpals in the proximal row?
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
What are the names of the carpals in the distal row?
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
What structures are found in the ischium?
- Ischial spine
- Ischial tuberosity
- Lesser sciatic notch
Types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous: Immovable (e.g., sutures in the skull).
• Cartilaginous: Slightly movable (e.g., intervertebral discs).
• Synovial: Freely movable, with joint cavities and synovial fluid (e.g., knee, shoulder).
