Chap. 9: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Eating Disorders

Answer 1

• Characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating behavior
• Disturbed patterns of eating that impair health or ability to function well

Question 2

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 2

• Restriction of caloric intake relative to requirements, leading to significantly low body weight for one’s age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health
• intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat and/or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain

Question 3

Anorexia Nervosa: 2 types

Answer 3

• Restricting type: caloric intake tightly controlled
• Binge-eating/purging type:
  - Binge: involves an out-of-control consumption of
  an amount of food that is far greater than what
  most people would eat in the same amount of
  time
  - Purge: efforts to remove food from the body

Question 4

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 4

• Characterized by uncontrollable binge eating and efforts to prevent weight gain by using inappropriate behaviors
• **Difference between a person with bulimia nervosa and a person with binge-eating/purging type of anorexia is weight

Question 5

Binge Eating Disorder

Answer 5

• Recurrent episodes of binge eating

Question 6

Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders
(OSFED)

Answer 6

• Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN)
• Sub threshold Bulimia Nervosa (Sub-BN)
• Sub threshold of Binge Eating Disorder (Sub BED)
• Purging disorder (PD)
• Night eating syndrome

Question 7

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Answer 7

An eating or feeding disturbance (e.g., apparent lack of interest in eating or food; avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of food; concern about aversive consequences of eating) as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs associated with one (or more) of the following

Question 8

ARFID Presentations

Answer 8

• 3 presentations types
  - Lack of interest
  - Sensory sensitivity
  - Fear of aversive Consequences
• Don’t have to meet for just one presentation

Question 10

Age & Gender

Answer 10

• Anorexia: most likely to develop in 16-20 yr. olds
• Bulimia: women aged 21-24 greatest risk
• Most people with binge eating
  disorder are between 30-50 years old
• EDs regarded as primarily occurring
  in women !

Question 11

Prevalence

Answer 11

• Binge eating disorder is most common, prevalence
  around 2% worldwide
• bulimia nervosa worldwide estimated at 1%
• Many more young people, especially women in
  adolescence and early adulthood, show some evidence
  of disturbed eating patterns (disordered eating)
• OSFED is 2x/more common than any ED
  Prevalence

Question 12

EDs Across Cultures

Answer 12

• Widespread ED difficulties reported
  across the globe
  - Clinical problems in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan,
  Singapore, Korea, India, Africa
• Clinical features may vary culturally
• Certain populations at greater risk
  - Athletes
  - Orthodox Jews
  - LGBTQ+

Question 13

Risk and Causal Factors

Answer 13

• Family Influences
  - family dysfunction
  - messages about dieting
• Individual risk factors
  - Gender
  - Internalizing the thin ideal
  - Perfectionism
  - Negative body image
  - Dieting
  - Negative emotionality
  - Childhood sexual abuse

Question 14

Treatment

Answer 14

• Patients with EDs often very conflicted about getting well
• Family Based Therapy (FBT)
  - Considered best treatment for adolescents
  - Maudsley Model
• Cognitive-behavior therapy enhanced (CBT-E)
  - Involves changing behavior and maladaptive styles of thinking

Question 15

Weight Stigma

Answer 15

• Negative messages about people who have larger bodies (fat-shaming) is associated with poorer mental and physical health.
• While being overweight or obese is correlated with a variety of negative health outcomes, not everyone who is
  overweight or obese has physical or mental health problems.
• Weight is not a good predictor