Chap. 16: Psychological Treatment

Question 1

Psychotherapy: Why do people seek therapy?

Answer 1

• Clinical disorders
• Life stress
• Referral from others
• Personal growth

Question 2

Theoretical Approaches

Answer 2

• Cognitive-behavioral
  
  • Behavior Therapy
  • Cognitive Therapy
• Humanistic-Experiential
  
  • Person-Centered
  • Motivational Interviewing
• Psychodynamic
  
  • Psychoanalysis

Question 3

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 3

• Psychoanalysis: a traditional form of therapy started by
  Sigmund Freud where therapists (“analysts”) and patient
  meet frequently and explore the patient’s early
  childhood experiences and unconscious desires in depth
  to understand their current psychological landscape
• Modern psychodynamic therapy
  • Object relations
  • Transference-focused psychotherapy
  • Attachment

Question 4

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

Answer 4

• All cognitive, behavioral, and CBT
  approaches share the agreement that
  thoughts, behaviors, and feelings
  influence each other
• Cognitive work focuses on changing
  thoughts to influence feelings and
  behavior
• Behavioral work focuses on changing
  behavior to influence feelings and
  thoughts
• Newer “third-wave” CBT therapist
  such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy
  (DBT) often work more directly with
  emotions

Question 5

Psychotherapy Research and Evidence-Based Practices

Answer 5

• Randomized-controlled trial (RCTs)
• Naturalistic outcome research
• Process research
• Evidence-based practices: approaches to therapy that
  have received support of more than one RCT

Question 6

Tracking Progress in Therapy: How do we know therapy is working?

Answer 6

• Client self-report: client fills out a structured questionnaire
• Therapist ratings: clinician uses a structured rating
  measure
• Behavioral measures: counting something the client does in their daily life (for example, drinks of alcohol)
• Objective measures: brain scans, performance on psychological tests

Question 7

Tracking Progress in Therapy: Routine Outcome Monitoring

Answer 7

• What do we want to measure?
• How often?
• What do we do if it’s not going well?

Question 8

Psychotherapy Integration

Answer 8

• A lot of therapists combine elements of different
  approaches to effectively help their clients
• Some practice in a way that’s mostly consistent with one type of therapy, but may use techniques that come from a different school of thought.
• Other therapists and scholars attempt to come up with
  theories that explain how different types of therapies are
  actually more similar than they sound.
• Common factors: the therapeutic relationship,
  corrective experiences

Question 9

Predictors of success: Therapeutic Alliance

Answer 9

• agreement on goals
• agreement on tasks
• affective bonds

Question 10

Psychotherapy and Culture

Answer 10

• Culture includes racial/ethnic identity,
  religion, gender, sexual orientation, disability
  status, and other identity characteristics
• People who are from cultural minority groups
  often face greater societal oppression, which
  can contribute to mental health struggles
• People from racial/ethnic minority groups are
  often less likely to seek therapy, and may find
  therapy less helpful than white people
• Culturally-adapted therapies and therapist
  multicultural orientation may help make
  treatment more effective for those from
  cultural minority groups.

Question 11

Multicultural Orientation

Answer 11

Ø Cultural humility
Ø Cultural opportunities
Ø Cultural comfort

Question 12

Medication and Biological Interventions

Answer 12

• Antipsychotics
• Antidepressants
• Anxiolytics
• Mood-stabilizer
• Electroconvulsive therapy
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation