Chap. 11 Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

when is substance use considered disordered?

Answer 1

when it is consumed in excessive
amounts leading to impairment and
other negative consequences

Question 2

Addictive behavior

Answer 2

behavior based on
the pathological need for a substance

Question 3

Psychoactive substances

Answer 3

substances
that affect mental functioning in the
central nervous system

Question 4

Tolerance

Answer 4

the need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effects—results from biochemical changes in the body that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of the substance from the body.

Question 5

Alcohol Use Disorders

Answer 5

Alcohol consumption decreases
behavioral inhibition, impairs learning
and memory, and negatively impacts
judgment, decision-making, and motor
coordination

Question 5

Alcohol Use Disorders - Effects on brain

Answer 5

• Lower levels: pleasure areas
• Higher levels: depresses brain
  function
• Chronic fatigue, oversensitivity, and
  depression
• Alcohol withdrawal delirium

Question 5

Alcohol Use Disorders- Biological Factors

Answer 5

• neurobiology
• genetic vulnerablility

Question 5

Alcohol Use Disorders- Psychosocial Factors

Answer 5

• failures in parental guidance
• psychological vulnerability
• stress

Question 6

Alcohol Use Disorders- sociocultural factors

Answer 6

• alcohol is a pervasive component of social life

Question 7

Alcohol Use Disorders- Treatment

Answer 7

• medications (block desire to drink): Antabuse, Naltrexone
• psychological treatment: group therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Alcoholics Anonymous(AA)
• relapse prevention

Question 8

Opiate Use Disorder

Answer 8

Drugs such as morphine & heroin; introduced to the body by smoking,
snorting, eating, or injecting intravenously through a hypodermic needle

Question 9

Opiate Use Disorder: Biological Effects

Answer 9

Intense feeling of euphoria (about 60 seconds) and vomiting/nausea

• Followed by a high during which addict is typically a lethargic, withdrawn, relaxed state (4-6 hours)
• Followed by a desire for more of the drug & withdrawal

Question 10

Opiate Use Disorder: Treatment

Answer 10

• medication
• therapy

Question 11

Cocaine Use Disorder

Answer 11

• Ingested by sniffing, swallowing, or injecting
• Primary effect by blocking presynaptic dopamine transporter
• Euphoric state lasts 4-6 hours, feeling of confidence and contentment
• Blissful state followed by headache, dizziness, restlessness
• Abuse can cause cognitive impairment, as well as problems in areas of employment and family, as well as psychologically and legally

Question 12

Cocaine Use
Disorder: Treatment

Answer 12

• Medication to reduce
  cravings such as naltrexone & methadone
• Cognitive-behavioral
  therapy
• Contingency management

Question 13

Hallucinogens: LSD (Acid)

Answer 13

• Most potent, odorless, colorless, tasteless
• Chemically synthesized substance
• 8 hours of changes in sensory perception, mood swings, and feelings of depersonalization and detachment

Question 14

Hallucinogens: Psilocybin

Answer 14

• Obtained from a variety of Mexican mushrooms
• Mind-altering and hallucinogenic properties

Question 15

Hallucinogens: Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine = MDMA)

Answer 15

• Both a hallucinogen and stimulant
• Typically in pill form

Question 16

Cannibis

Answer 16

• considered mild hallucinogen
• Effects vary greatly depending on the quality and dosage of the drug, social setting, and user’s expectations
• Synthetic cannabinoids: substances that mimic the effects of THC

Question 17

Gambling Disorder

Answer 17

• Casino gambling, sports gambling & horse races, Internet gambling, numbers games, lotteries, dice, bingo, and cards.
• Gambling must significantly affect the social, psychological, and economic well-being of the gambler’s family
• Learned pattern highly resistant to extinction