Chap. 7: Mood Disorders & Suicide

Question 1

Types of mood disorders

Answer 1

• unipolar depressive: only experiences depressive episodes
• Bipolar and related disorders: experiences manic and depressive episodes

Question 2

Depressive episode

Answer 2

• most common form of mood disturbance
• Person is markedly depressed or loses interest in formerly pleasurable activities (or both) for at least 2 weeks, as well as other symptoms such as changes in sleep or appetite, or feelings of worthlessness

Question 3

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Answer 3

• 5 or more symptoms during the same 2-week period (Criteria A)

Question 4

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Answer 4

• Must have had 2 depressive episodes in the past 2 years occurring at the same time of year, and full remission at the same time of year
• Most commonly fall or winter
• Light box therapy

Question 5

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 5

• Characterized by persistently depressed mood most of the day, for more days than not, for at least 2 years (Criteria A)
• Double depression: when persistent depressive disorder and MDD co-occur

Question 6

Double depression

Answer 6

when persistent depressive disorder and MDD co-occur

Question 7

Manic Episode

Answer 7

-Distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally or persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy lasting for at least 1 week or hospitalization occurs (Criteria A)

Question 8

Hypomanic Episode

Answer 8

• Person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood for at least 4 days
• must have at least 3 other symptoms similar to those involved in mania but to a lesser degree
• Symptoms the same for manic and hypomanic episodes
  - Much less impairment in social and occupational functioning with hypomania & hospitalization not required

Question 9

Bipolar I Disorder

Answer 9

• Bipolar I is characterized by someone with a history of at least one full manic episode and one depressive episode in their lifetime

Question 10

Bipolar II Disorder

Answer 10

• Bipolar II is characterized by someone with a history of at least one hypomanic episode and one depressive episode in their lifetime
• More common than Bipolar I
• Occurs equally in males & females
• Usually starts in adolescence and young adulthood (18-22 yrs old)
• Usually recurrent episodes (experience many episodes in lifetime)
• Not necessarily less severe than bipolar I with respect to functional impairment and suicide rates

Question 11

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 11

• refers to the repeated experience of hypomanic symptoms for a period of at least 2 years, along with depressed symptoms
• Less serious version of bipolar disorder
• Lacks the extreme mood and behavior changes
• Can be thought about as a version of persistent depressive disorder

Question 12

Treatment

Answer 12

• Pharmacotherapy
  - Anti-depressants
  - Mood stabilizer
• Psychotherapy
  - Cognitive-Behavioral
  - Therapy Behavioral
  Activation
  - Interpersonal Therapy

Question 13

Suicide

Answer 13

• suicide attempts are often made when people are alone and in a state of severe psychological distress

Question 14

Theoretical Model of Suicidal Behavior: Perceived burdensomeness

Answer 14

Feeling like a burden to others

Question 15

Theoretical Model of Suicidal Behavior: Thwarted belongingness

Answer 15

Feeling alone, like you don’t belong anywhere

Question 16

Crisis Intervention

Answer 16

• Primary objective to help people regain their ability to cope with their immediate problems as quickly as possible
• emphasis placed on:
  - Maintaining supportive
  and often highly
  directive contact
  - Helping person realize
  that acute distress is
  impairing his/her
  ability to see that there
  are better ways to deal
  with the problem
  - Helping person see t.
  hat present distress
  and turmoil will not be
  endless
• Suicide is a permanent solution for a temporary problem