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Motor Control & Learning > Chap 7 - Preparing the learning experience > Flashcards

Chap 7 - Preparing the learning experience Flashcards

1
Q

Define motor learning

A

relatively permanent changes associated with practice or experience, in internal processes that determine a person’s capability for producing a motor skill

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2
Q

What is performance?

A
  • how an individual moves on any given day
  • always observable
  • temporary change or fluctuation
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3
Q

What is learning?

A
  • performance over time
  • not directly observable
  • relatively permanent changes
  • stable over time
  • indicates change in function
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4
Q

What is an outcome goal?

A

target performance improvements that focus on the result of the activity

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5
Q

Performance goals

A

focus on improving on a previous performance

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6
Q

process goals

A

target the quality of movement and skill execution

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7
Q

Target skills

A
  • skills to be performed
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8
Q

target behaviors

A
  • actions needed to accomplish target skills
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9
Q

target context

A
  • environment in which the person will produce the target skill
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10
Q

What is Locus of control?

A
  • a person’s perception of who or what controls what happens to her or him
  • internal vs external
  • stable vs unstable
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11
Q

Generalization

A

type of learning that transfers from practice to target context

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12
Q

near transfer

A

type of learning that transfers from one task to another under very similar tasks or situations
- adapts target skill to meet the demands of another situation

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13
Q

far transfer

A

from one task to another VERY DIFFERENT

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14
Q

Achievement motivation

A

effort used to reach a goal for mastery - must see personal relevance

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15
Q

past experience

A

tasks that share many similar elements are expected to transfer to a greater extent than those that don’t

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16
Q

perceptual elements

A

task related stimuli that people interpret for successful performance

17
Q

conceptual elements

A

similar strategies, rules critical to performance

18
Q

specificity of learning

A

the more similar the movement components and environment to the target skill, the better the learning experience

19
Q

What are the three stages of learning?

A
  1. verbal-cognitive
  2. motor
  3. autonomous
20
Q

Characteristics of verbal-cognitive stage

A
  • lots of talk time
  • lots of thinking time
  • self-talk
  • verbal guidance
  • large, rapid gains
21
Q

Characteristics of the motor stage

A
  • solved cognitive problem
  • refining skill
  • more effective movement
  • more consistency
  • strategies
  • need precise feedback
22
Q

Characteristics of autonomous stage

A
  • some people never get there
  • little or no attention needed
  • longer motor programs established
  • higher-order cognition
23
Q

What are the 3 stages of Fitts and Posner

A
  1. Cognitive
  2. Associative
  3. Autonomous
24
Q

Stage 1 of F&P

A

Cognitive

  • understanding nature of task
  • developing strategies
  • eval of success
  • HIGH cognition
  • Attention
25
Q

Stage 2 of F&P

A

Associative

  • refines optimal strategy
  • variability declines
  • can last a while
26
Q

Stage 3 of F&P

A

Autonomous

  • Attention is free for other aspects
  • too much attention to an autonomous skill can decline the skill
27
Q

Gentile 2 stage

A
  1. getting idea of movement
    • understanding dynamics - goals - sensory
  2. Fixation / Diversification
    Fixation - decreased variability - consistent performance
    Diversification - increased variability - adaptable to changes
28
Q

3 stages of GMP formation

A
  1. Early - movement controlled by individual MP
  2. Middle - behaviors grouped/controlled together
  3. Late - single GMP controls movement
29
Q

What are outcome measures for skills assessment?

A

performance observations that indicate some aspect of the result as it relates to time, distance, frequency, and accuracy

30
Q

Process measures

A

indicate something about the quality of movement

31
Q

Constant error

A

measure of person’s deviation from a target with respect to amount and direction

32
Q

Variable error

A

inconsistency of results of several movements with respect to the average constant error of the movement

Motor Control & Learning (11 decks)

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