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CCNP Core > Chap 6 - IP Routing Essentials > Flashcards

Chap 6 - IP Routing Essentials Flashcards

1
Q

What is a network of interconnected routers and systems under a common administration called?

A

Autonomous System or Routing Domain

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2
Q

What are the 5 most common routing protocols found on most routing platforms?

A
  • RIPv2
  • EIGRP
  • OSPF
  • IS-IS
  • BGP
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3
Q

What is the difference between an IGP and an EGP?

A
  • IGPs are optimized for routing within an AS
  • EGPs are optimized for routing between Ass
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4
Q

What is BGP called when it is used within an autonomous system?

A

Interior BGP

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5
Q

What is BGP called when it is used to route between autonomous systems?

A

Exterior BGP

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6
Q

What does a Distance Vector routing protocol base its route computation on?

A
  • Distance (number of hops)
  • Vector (the local interface it uses to send the packet on its way)
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7
Q

What are 2 advantages of a Distance Vector routing protocol?

A
  • Requires less CPU and memory
  • Can run on low-end routers
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8
Q

What is the name of an enhanced Distance Vector algorithm used to calculate the shortest path to a destination?

A

Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)

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9
Q

Which routing protocol uses DUAL?

A

EIGRP

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10
Q

Which routing protocol uses Bellman-Ford?

A

RIP or other Distance Vector protocols

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11
Q

What are 5 enhancements introduced by DUAL?

A
  • Rapid Convergence
  • Sends updates only when there’s a change
  • Uses Hellos and forms Neighborships
  • Uses bandwidth, delay, reliability, load and MTU
  • can Load Balance across equal or un-equal cost links
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12
Q

Why is EIGRP called a Hybrid Routing Protocol?

A

Because it has characteristics of both Distance Vector and Link State routing protocols

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13
Q

By default what does EIGRP advertise?

A
  • Total path delay
  • Minimum bandwidth
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14
Q

What are 2 Link State routing protocols?

A
  • OSPF
  • IS-IS
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15
Q

What are OSPF advertisements called?

A

Link State Advertisements (LSAs)

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16
Q

What are IS-IS advertisements called?

A

Link State Packets (LSPs)

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17
Q

Where does an OSPF router store its LSAs?

A

Link State Database (LSDB)

18
Q

What calculation method does OSPF use?

A

Djikstra Shortest Path First algorithm

19
Q

What does OSPF use to enable features for Service Providers?

A

Opaque LSAs

20
Q

What does IS-IS use to enable features for Service Providers?

A

TLVs (type, length, value)

21
Q

What disadvantage is there to using a link state routing protocol?

A

They use more CPU and memory.

22
Q

What 2 advantages are there to using a link state routing protocol rather than a distance vector routing protocol?

A
  • Link State protocols make better routing decisions
  • Link State protocols are less prone to routing loops
23
Q

What type of routing protocol is BGP?

A

Path Vector Algorithm

24
Q

What does BGP use to compute routes?

A

BGP Path Attributes

25
Q

What are the 13 BGP Path Attributes?

A
  • Weight
  • Local Pref
  • Locally originated
  • AIGP
  • Shortest AS_PATH
  • Origin Type
  • Lowest MED
  • EBGP over IBGP
  • Lowest IGP Next Hop
  • If eBGP then oldest route
  • Peer with lowest router-id
  • Minimum cluster length
  • Peer with the Lowest Neighbor IP address
26
Q

How does a Path Vector Algorithm prevent loops?

A

If it receives an advertisement that already includes its AS in it drops the advertisement

27
Q

What 3 steps does a router take to identify the path a packet should take?

A
  • Routing table populated with routes presented from routing protocol processes
  • FIB is programed through the routing table
  • Forwarding decision is a function of the FIB and results from calculations performed in the RIB
28
Q

What 3 components determine Path Selection?

A
  • Prefix Length
  • Administrative Distance
  • Metrics
29
Q

What is the forwarding decision a function of?

A
  • The FIB
  • Calculations done in the routing table
30
Q

How is the RIB calculated?

A
  • Administrative Distance
  • Metric
31
Q

What is ECMP?

A

Equal Cost Multipathing

32
Q

What are 2 cases when static routes are needed?

A
  • Dynamic routing protocols can’t be used due to limited CPU and/or memory
  • Routes learned from Dynamic Routing Protocol needs to be superseded.
33
Q

What are 3 types of static routes?

A
  • Directly attached static routes
  • Recursive static routes
  • Fully specified static routes
34
Q

If a directly attached static route has been configured and the interface goes down what happens to the route?

A

It is removed from the RIB.

35
Q

What 3 advantages does using VRFs with IP routing have over Layer 2 technology?

A
  • improved convergence times
  • dynamic traffic load sharing
  • the ability to use ping and traceroute troubleshooting tools
36
Q

Display the routes in a VRF.

A

show ip route vrf (vrf_name)

37
Q

What 4 pieces of information does every routing protocol present to the RIB for insertion?

A
  • Destination network
  • Next-hop IP address
  • AD
  • Metric values
38
Q

What are the 3 factors are used by the RIB when deciding to accept or reject a route?

A
  • If the route does not exist in the RIB then accept the route
  • If the route exists and its AD is lower than that of the new route then the new route is rejected.
  • If the route exists and its AD is higher than that of the new route then the new route is accepted and the old route is removed
39
Q

When configuring a static route in IPV6 when would you need to use a fully specified static route?

A

If the next hop address is a link local address

40
Q

What is the name of a distance vector algorithm that is not enhanced?

A

Bellman-Ford

CCNP Core (46 decks)

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