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CCNP Core > Chap 22 - Enterprise Network Architecture > Flashcards

Chap 22 - Enterprise Network Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of a hierarchical LAN design?

A
  • Core (or backbone)
  • Distribution Layer
  • Access Layer
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2
Q

What does the Access Layer do?

A

Gives endpoints and users direct access to the network.

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3
Q

What does the Distribution Layer do?

A

Provides an aggregation point for the access layer and acts as a services and control boundary between the access layer and the core layer.

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4
Q

What does the Core Layer do?

A

Provides connections between distribution layers for large environments.

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5
Q

What is another name for the Access Layer?

A

Network Edge

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6
Q

What is another name for the Core Layer?

A

Backbone

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7
Q

What is QoE

A

Quality of Experience

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8
Q

What kind of devices can be used to extend the Access Layer out one more layer?

A

Wireless Access Points and IP phones

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9
Q

What are 3 reasons for segmenting the access layer?

A
  • Performance
  • Management
  • Security
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10
Q

How does communication between endpoints on different access layer switches occur?

A

Through the Distribution Layer

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11
Q

What 3 roles does the Access Layer perform?

A
  • Protects the network from malicious attacks
  • Prevents endpoints from accessing unauthorized services
  • Provides the trust boundary for QOS giving end users QoE
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12
Q

What is the primary function of the Distribution Layer?

A

To aggregate access layer switches in a given building or campus.

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13
Q

What boundary does the Distribution Layer provide?

A

The boundary between the Layer 2 domain of the access layer and the core’s Layer 3 domain.

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14
Q

What does the Distribution Layer boundary do on the layer 2 side and on the layer 3 side?

A
  • On the Layer 2 side, it creates an STP boundary that limits propagation of Layer 2 faults
  • On the Layer 3 side, it summarizes IP routes before they enter the core
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15
Q

What are 2 reasons for summarizing Layer 3 information at the Distribution Layer?

A
  • Reduces IP routing tables for easier troubleshooting
  • Reduces protocol overhead for faster recovery from failures
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16
Q

What are 2 guidelines for deploying Distribution Switches?

A
  • Always in pairs
  • With a layer 2 or layer 3 connection between them
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17
Q

Why are Distribution Switches deployed in pairs?

A

For redundancy

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18
Q

Why are multiple distribution layer switches required when access layer switches are located in multiple geographically dispersed buildings?

A

To reduce the number of costly fiber runs between buildings..

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19
Q

What 4 services does the Core provide?

A
  • Aggregation point for multiple networks
  • Connectivity between the access layer and other network blocks
  • High-speed connectivity for enterprises with multiple campus networks
  • High availability, scalability and fast convergence to the network
20
Q

At what point should an organization consider implementing a Core Layer?

A

As networks grow beyond three distribution layers in a single location.

21
Q

How does the Core Layer reduce complexity of network connections?

A

The core layer reduces the network complexity, from N × ( N − 1) to N links for N Distribution layers

22
Q

What are 6 Enterprise Architecture Options?

A
  • Two-tier design (collapsed core)
  • Three-tier design
  • Layer 2 access layer (STP-based)
  • Layer 3 access layer (routed)
  • Simplified campus design
  • Software Defined Access (SD-Access)
23
Q

What 3 things need to be considered before settling on a Collapsed Core design?

A
  • Future scale
  • Expansion
  • Manageability
24
Q

Who are the ‘Big Three’ cloud service providers?

A
  • Amazon AWS
  • Microsoft Azure
  • Google Cloud Platform
25
Q

What 4 things is the WAN Edge Block used to connect to?

A
  • Remote data centers
  • Remote branches
  • Other campus networks
  • Cloud connectivity using dedicated interconnections.
26
Q

What 5 things are in the Data Center / Server Room Block?

A
  • Business-critical servers
  • Storage
  • Big data processing
  • Backup services
  • E-commerce transactions
27
Q

What 5 things is the Internet Edge Block used for?

A
  • Regular Internet access
  • E-commerce
  • Connection to remote branches (outbound VPN)
  • Remote VPN access (inbound VPN)
  • Cloud provider connectivity that does not require dedicated interconnections.
28
Q

What are 4 things that would be in the Network Services Block?

A
  • Wireless LAN controllers (WLCs)
  • Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE)
  • Cisco TelePresence Manager
  • Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM).
29
Q

What are 3 times when multiple pairs of Distribution switches would be required?

A
  • Large campus with multiple buildings
  • When high density of WAN routers, Internet edge devices, data center servers, and network services are causing poor network performance
  • When access switches across many buildings require more fiber interconnects back to a single collapsed core
30
Q

What is a PIN?

A

Place In the Network

31
Q

What 4 things describe the Spine-Leaf design?

A
  • Nexus 7k is spine, FEX is leaf
  • STP replaced with L3 routing
  • Every leaf is connected to every spine switch
  • Spine never connects to spine and leaf never connects to leaf
32
Q

In a Layer 2 Access Layer (STP based) design what is considered a loop-free design?

A

When a VLAN is restricted to a single switch.

33
Q

In a Layer 2 Access Layer (STP based) design what is considered a looped design?

A

When all VLANs are available on all switches

34
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of a Layer 2 Access Layer (STP based) looped design?

A
  • Bandwidth reduced due to STP blocked ports
  • Causes slower convergence
35
Q

In a Layer 2 Access Layer (STP based) design where is layer 3 done?

A

On the distribution switches

36
Q

In a Layer 2 Access Layer (STP based) design how is high availability achieved in layer 3?

A

By running an FHRP on the distribution layer

37
Q

What is a downside to running a FHRP on the Distribution Layer?

A

It only allows hosts to send data to the active FHRP router using a single access uplink, which leaves the other uplink unutilized.

38
Q

How can load balancing be done with an FHRP?

A

Odd VLANs are active on one distribution layer switch, even VLANs active on the other

39
Q

What is the upside and downside to using GLBP?

A
  • It provides greater uplink utilization for access layer-to-distribution layer traffic by load balancing the load from hosts across multiple uplinks
  • The downside is that it works only on loop-free topologies.
40
Q

What is Layer 3 Access Layer (Routed Access)?

A

Routed access is a configuration in which Layer 3 is extended all the way to the access layer switches

41
Q

What are 5 advantages of the Layer 3 Access Layer (Routed Access) alternative?

A
  • No FHRP required
  • No STP required
  • Increased uplink utilization
  • Easier troubleshooting
  • Faster convergence
42
Q

What are 2 disadvantages of the Layer 3 Access Layer (Routed Access) design?

A
  • It does not support spanning VLANs across multiple access switches
  • Layer 3 switches cost more than Layer 2 switches
43
Q

What 2 technologies are used in the Simplified Campus Design?

A
  • Clustering technology such as VSS to make 2 switches appear as 1
  • Stacking technology such as Stackwise to make multiple switches appear as 1
44
Q

Can Clustering and stacking technologies be applied to any of the campus building blocks to simplify them even further.

A

Yes

45
Q

What are the 7 advantages to using the Simplified Campus Design?

A
  • Simplified design
  • No FHRP required
  • Reduced dependence on STP
  • Increased uplink utilization
  • Easier troubleshooting
  • Faster convergence
  • Distributed VLANs
46
Q

When is a Leaf-Spine network a good alternative?

A

When traffic is mostly east-west

47
Q

In a Leaf-Spine design how are routes configured?

A

Equal Cost Multipathing

CCNP Core (46 decks)

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