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CPR, A&P > Chap. 6 A&P Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chap. 6 A&P Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cardiovascular system responsible for

A

Delivering nutrients

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2
Q

Which if the following characteristics applies to the red blood cell

Which option

A

It is alternatively referred to as a leukocyte

It has the shape of a biconcave desk

It has distinctive nucleus and organelles

It is incapable of transporting oxygen to the cells

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3
Q

What are albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens

A

Proteins present in the blood

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4
Q

What is the primary function of white blood cells

A

Body defense

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5
Q

Where are old and damaged red blood cells broken down

A

Liver, spleen, bone marrow

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6
Q

Nervous control of the heart can be exerted by

A

Fibers of the autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

The arteries supplying blood to the tissue of the heart are the

A

Coronary arteries

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8
Q

The term vasoconstriction refers

A

Decreasing the size in lumen of the blood vessels

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9
Q

Blood returning to the heart from the body organs enter which atrium and through which vein

A

Right atrium through vena cava

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10
Q

The semilunar valves prevent blood from flowing backwards into which compartments of the heart

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

Is the biscuspid valve a semilunar valve

A

No

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12
Q

Is the heart the pump of the body

A

Yea

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13
Q

What are the two types and main chambers of the heart

A

Atriums and ventrilces

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14
Q

Does the heart propel blood through the arteries and capallaries

A

Yes

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15
Q

Is the heart found between the second and fifth rib

A

Yes

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16
Q

In body directional terms where is the heart

A

Anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to sternum

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17
Q

Pericardial sac

A

Parietal Pericardium(Outer membrane)

Visceral membrane ( inner membrane)

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18
Q

What is the space between the two membranes of of the pericardial sac is called

A

Pericardial cavity

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19
Q

Main tissue of the heart, second middle layer

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

What does the paricardium sorround, which organ

A

The heart

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21
Q

What are the three layers of the heart

A

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

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22
Q

Inflammation of the pericardium called

A

Pericarditis

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23
Q

Blood flow of the heart

A 
S/I vena cava
R atrium
Tricuspid Valve
R ventricle
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
L atrium
Bicuspid(mitral) valve
L ventricle
Aortic valve
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24
Q

What seperates the heart chambers

A

Cardiac septum

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25
Q

What are the atriums of heart

A

Receiving chamber of hearts

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26
Q

What is know as the coronary artery and vein system

A

The hearts own pump system to feed itself

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27
Q

What are the two main cardiovascular circuits of the body

A

Pulmonary ( heart back to heart)

systemic ( heart to body)

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28
Q

Where does pulmonary circuit start and end

A

Starts at right atrium

Finishes at pulmonary vein where blood enters back into L side of heart

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29
Q

Where does the systemic circuit start and end

A

Begins at left side of heart and finishes at right side if heart

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30
Q

2 atrioventricle valves of the heart

A

Bicuspid and tricuspid

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31
Q

2 semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary and aortic

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32
Q

What anchors the hearts atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles of ventricular wall

A

White quartz of collagen

33
Q

What chords of tissue prevent the valve flaps from moving backward into the atria

A

Choide tendinae

34
Q

What is a valve prolapse

A

When the chordea tendanea or valve itself is damaged and flaps backward

35
Q

Where is the pulmonary semi lunar valve

A

At the entrance of the pulmonary artery goes to the lungs

36
Q

Where is the aortic semi lunar valve

A

At the entrance of the aorta go to the body

37
Q

What returns blood to the right atrium to feed itself

A

Coronary sinus

38
Q

What is myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack

39
Q

Is cardiac muscle similar to skeletal

A

Yes but it is shorter and brighter and more branched

40
Q

Is the nervous system involved in heart muscle contraction

A

No

41
Q

What specialized tissue does the heart have a contracts and relaxes throughout a persons life

A

Autorythmic tissue

42
Q

What is Automaticity

A

The hearts on electrical impulses

43
Q

SA node

A

Sinotrial

Known as pacemaker

Depolarizes at 60-100 bpm

44
Q

What are Purkinje fibers

A

Fibers that allow electrical impulses from automaticty to contract the heart in a certain way

45
Q

What is depolarization and repolarization

A

D-contraction

R-relaxed

46
Q

In the PQRST wave system for ekg what is

P

QRS

T

A

P- atrium SA node depolarization

QRS- ventricle depolarization

T- ventricle repolarization

47
Q

What are the alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart chambers referred to as

A

Cardiac cycle

48
Q

Where does the Systole rythm occur

A

Ventricles blood being pumped out

49
Q

What is diastole happen

A

Atria are in condition of filling with blood

50
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle during each cycle

51
Q

What is cardiac output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle per minute

52
Q

What is he average heart beat

A

70-75 bpm

53
Q

How much ml can heart pump a minute and per cycle

A

70 mls/5250 ml blood per minute

54
Q

When atrioventricular valve shut what sound are you listening for

A

LUB

55
Q

What sound are you listening for one blood is going through all valves

A

Dub

56
Q

All blood vessels except capillaries have three layers

A

Yes

57
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels

A

Tunnica
Tunica media
Tunica externa

58
Q

Two arteries have the ability to expand and constrict

A

Yes

Vasoconstriction/ close
Vasodialation/ open

59
Q

What is the capillary artery

A

Microscopic they connect arterials to venules

60
Q

What is a precapillary sphincter

A

Controls the entry of blood into the capillary bed

61
Q

What is the sphincter

A

Muscles it open and close

62
Q

What supplies blood to the right atrium right ventricle portion of the end for your part of the left ventricle and portion of the sinus

A

Right coronary artery

63
Q

What is both the largest and shortest of the myocardial blood vessels

A

Left coronary artery

64
Q

What is blood contains

A

Red, white, and platelets suspended in a liquid plasma

65
Q

What is a normal pH balance for blood

A
  1. 35 through 7.45

7. 4 is perfect

66
Q

What is plasma fluid portion

A

92% water, 7% protein, 1% ion

67
Q

When blood clots in the blood clotting proteins are removed the remaining liquid is called what

A

Serum

68
Q

Three categories of proteins and blood

A

Albumin

globulin

Fibrinogen

69
Q

Which protein maintains osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

70
Q

What does globulin do

A

Represents a primary mechanism in body defense and attacks bad things

71
Q

What is fibrinogen

A

Proteins in the plasma, is the liver product, involve the blood clotting

72
Q

Another name for red blood cell

A

Erythrocyte

73
Q

Where are red blood cells produced

A

Red bone marrow

74
Q

Which hormone regulates production of red blood cells and in which organ is it secreted

A

Erythropoietin

Secreted in kidney

75
Q

How many types of white blood cells do we have

A

2

Granulocytes (with granules) eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

Agranulocytes ( no granules) monocytes, lymphocytes

76
Q

Another name for platelets

A

Theombocytes

77
Q

What is intrinsic an extrinsic

A

Intrinsic (inside)

Extrinsic ( outside)

78
Q

What activates platelets

A

Proteins that are sent out by damaged cells

79
Q

What two things combined to create a blood clot

A

Platelets and fibrinogen

CPR, A&P (11 decks)

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