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CPR, A&P > Chap. 5 A&P Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chap. 5 A&P Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system

A

Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) between cells of body and external enviornment

This process is called respiration

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2
Q

Where does gas exchange happen between blood and outer atmosphere

A

Alveoli

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3
Q

The digestive and respiratory passage ways meet in what region of the pharynx

A

Oropharynx

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4
Q

The relaxation of respiratory muscles compresses the thorax and increases the air pressure in ????

Which organs

A

Lungs

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5
Q

The are of the brain where breathing is controlled, regions of the the medulla oblangata and what other part

A

Pons

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6
Q

Two primary tubes in the respiartoy system that branch from the trachea

A

Bronchi

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7
Q

Contractions of the respiratory muscles result in

A

Increasing volume in the thorax

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8
Q

Which of the following is not a mechanism by which CO2 is carried in the blood stream

Which option

A

Attaches to hemoglobin molecules

Dissolves gas in the plasma

As bicarbonate ions

Attached to hormone molecules in the blood

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9
Q

Which of the following is not responsible for the changes occurring in the lungs during inspiration

Which option

A

The closed thoracic compartment which encloses the lungs

B) The nerve impulses reaching the lungs from the brain

The elasticity of lungs

The firm attachment of pleural membrane

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10
Q

What is the function of the eppiglotis

A

Seal respiratory tract when swallowing food

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11
Q

What is the function of the cartilage rings in the trachea

A

Prevents the collapse of the trachea

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12
Q

What is inspiration

A

Inhaling

Pressure goes down
Volumes goes up
Diaphragm contracts goes down

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13
Q

What is expiration

A

Presurrre goes up

Volumes goes down

Diaphragm relaxes and comes up

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14
Q

What divides the nasal cavity

A

The nasal septum

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15
Q

Openings from the nasal cavities that extend into the sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and other bones of the skull are called what

A

Sinuses

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16
Q

Sites where air in warmed

A

Conchae and sinuses

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17
Q

The nasal cavity is associated with what sensse

A

Smell

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18
Q

What is the nose adapted for

A

Warming, moistening, filtering air

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19
Q

Do blood vessels warm the air we breath

A

Yes

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20
Q

Inflammation of the mucosal membranes is called

A

Rhinitis

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21
Q

Allergies occuring in the nasal chambers are referred to as

A

Allergic rhinitis

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22
Q

Where is the nasopharynx

A

Immediately behind the nasal cavities

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23
Q

What is inferior to the nasopharynx

A

Oropharynx

Where the digestive and respiratory passageways meet posterior in the mouth

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24
Q

Where lies immediately above the larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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25
Q

Two auditory tubes that open from the middle ear into the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

A

Eustachian

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26
Q

What is the purpose of auditory tubes

A

Equalize air pressure

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27
Q

Mass of lymphatic tissue

On the posterior wall of the nasopharynx in the medial region

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

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28
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located

A

Behind the nose

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29
Q

What is the larynx made up of

A

Cartilage

Connects pharynx and trachea at level of cervical vertebrea

30
Q

How many pieces of cartilage compose the larynx

A

9 in a box like formation

31
Q

The larynx

A 
Epiglottis
Supra-glottis
Vocal cord
Glottis
Subglottis
32
Q

What connects the larynx and the trachea

A

Cricoid cartilage

Resembles a signet

33
Q

Leaf shaped lid at the entry of the larynx

A

Epiglottis

34
Q

What is the opening of the larynx called

A

Glottis

35
Q

What are the functions of the larynx

A

Production of sound and passage way for air

36
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Hollow space within the nose

37
Q

Sinuses

A

Hollow spaces in the bones of skulls

38
Q

Larynx

A

Enlargement at the top of the trachea

39
Q

Bronchiole tree

A

Branched tubes that lead from the trachea to the alveoli

40
Q

What is the inflammation of the bronchial tree

A

Bronchitis

41
Q

What is asthma

A

Periodic attacks of wheezing

Caused by spasms of smooth muscles
Usually triggered by allergens in the environment

42
Q

What organs occupy most of the space of the thoracic cavity

A

Lungs

43
Q

What do the lungs consist of

A

Consist of million of small sacs called alveoli

44
Q

What is the average amount of alveoli in a human being

A

300 million

45
Q

Two layered membrane that surrounds each lung

A

Pleura

46
Q

What is the inner layer of the lung membrane called

A

Visceral

Specific pain

47
Q

Outer layer of membrane that surround lung

A

Parietal

General pain

48
Q

What is in between the visceral and parietal layer

A

Surfactant

49
Q

What is the plural cavity

A

Space between the visceral and parietal pleura

50
Q

Physiology of respiration

A

Gas exchange in alveoli

Air enter lungs, alveoli lower pressure

Air leaves lungs, alveoli has higher pressure

51
Q

What nerve detects pressure changes

A

Freenick nerve

52
Q

What does pressure change in lung depend on

A

Elasticity

Presence of closed thoracic compartment

Alignment of visceral pleura just next to parietal pleura

53
Q

What muscles contract during inspiration

A

External intercostal muscles

54
Q

Does contraction of intercostal muscles increase the volume of the thorax

A

Yes

55
Q

Approx how many ml of air leave and enter ling during one breath

A

500 ml

56
Q

Under the rest condition normal breath 500 ml of air enters and leaves the lungs, what is this called

A

Resting tidal volume

57
Q

After expiration how many ml of air remain in the lungs

A

2500 ml

58
Q

Should a person force air out of lungs about how much ml of air will reamin in lungs

A

1000 ml

This volume is called residual volume

59
Q

What is vital capacity of lungs

A

2500-3500 ml of air in addition to 500 ml

60
Q

How is breathing controlled

A

Controlled by contraction of respiratory muscles which are stimulated by nerves

61
Q

The main area of respiratory muscles control is a portion of the brain called

A

Respiratory control center

62
Q

The respiratory control center is located in the brain stem and includes what parts of the brain

A

Medulla oblongata

Pons

63
Q

Receptors of the respiratory system

A

Chemical receptors
Chemoreceptors

Located in carotid arteries and the arch of the aorta

64
Q

What monitors the dissolve oxygen and content of blood

A

Chemoreceptors

65
Q

The activity of respiratory center and chemoreceptors voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

66
Q

What is hyperventilation

A

Deep and rapid breathing

67
Q

How many oxygen molecules can hemoglobin carry

A

4

68
Q

What percent of gas that is dissolved

A

2

69
Q

What percent of gas is carried

A

98%

70
Q

What does a hemoglobin molecule does not have oxygen attached then it has what attached

A

CO2

CPR, A&P (11 decks)

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