chap 6

Question 1

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

nerves branching beyond the spinal cord into the body

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

the long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

space/junction/connection between neurons

Question 5

Neurotransmitters

Answer 5

the chemicals released by neurons, which determine the rate at which other neurons fire

Question 6

somatic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 6

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Question 7

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 7

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls internal biological functions

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

(antennae) short, thin fibers that protrude from the cell body that receive impulses, or messages, from other neurons

Question 9

Cell body

Answer 9

integrates the signals from other cells and provides metabolic support for the cell

Question 10

Axon

Answer 10

(arm) reaches to distant areas of the nervous system and delivers impulses to other parts of the body

Question 11

Axon terminals

Answer 11

(fingers) release neurotransmitters to stimulate dendrites of the next neuron

Question 12

Afferent /sensory neurons

Answer 12

ascending tract: carry impulses from organs to brain

Question 13

Efferent /motor neurons

Answer 13

descending tracts: carry motor impulses from brian

Question 14

Interneurons neurons

Answer 14

process signals connecting only to other neurons

Question 15

Hindbrain

Answer 15

(basement/foundation) part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is involved in the basic processes of life

Question 16

Midbrain

Answer 16

a small part of the brain above the pons that arouses the brain, integrates sensory information, and relays it upward

Question 17

Forebrain

Answer 17

part of the brain that covers the brain’s central core, responsible for sensory and motor control and the processing of thinking and language

Question 18

Lobes

Answer 18

the different regions into which the cerebral cortex is divided

Question 19

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

Answer 19

a machine used to record the electrical activity of large portions of the brain

Question 20

Computerized axial tomography

Answer 20

(CT) - an imaging technique used to study the brain to pinpoint injuries and brain deterioration

Question 21

Positron emission tomography

Answer 21

(PET) - an imaging technique used to see which brain areas are being activated while performing tasks

Question 22

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 22

(MRI) - a measuring technique used to study brain structure and activity

Question 23

endocrine system

Answer 23

a chemical communication system using to carry messages through the body

Question 24

hormones

Answer 24

chemical substances that carry messages through the body in the blood

Question 25

pituitary gland

Answer 25

directed by the hypothalamus - master gland - the center of control of the endocrine system that secretes a large number of hormones

Question 26

Heredity

Answer 26

the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring

Question 27

genes

Answer 27

the basic building blocks of heredity

Question 28

Genotype

Answer 28

the set of genes in an organism

Question 29

Phenotype

Answer 29

the expression of a particular trait in an organism

Question 30

Inbred

Answer 30

descended from ancestors with similar genetics
- more predictable results in their offspring
- can create undesirable combinations

Question 31

Outbred

Answer 31

descended from ancestors with dissimilar genetics
- varied gene selection

Question 32

identical twins

Answer 32

twins who come from one fertilized egg; twins having the same heredity

Question 33

fraternal twins

Answer 33

twins who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm
- genes are not more similar than those of brothers or sisters