chap 14 Flashcards
Personality
the consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person
unconscious
the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviors
Id
the part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material
Ego
the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways
Superego
the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id
defense mechanisms
certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
collective unconscious
the part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people
archetypes
an inherited idea, based on the experiences of one’s ancestors, which shapes one’s perception of the world
inferiority complex
a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source
behaviorism
belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else
contingencies of reinforcement
the occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors
humanistic psychology
a school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of maximum potential by each unique individual
Self-actualization
the humanist term for realizing one’s unique potential
self
one’s experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others
positive regard
viewing oneself in a favorable light due to supportive feedback received from interaction with others
conditions of worth
the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively
unconditional positive regard
the perception that individuals’ significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same favorable opinion or view
fully functioning
person and self coincide - free to develop all potentialities
Trait
a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time
cardinal traits
characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with it
factor analysis
a sophisticated mathematical technique that describes the extent to which different personality variables are related
46 surface trait
a stable characteristic that can be observed in certain situations
16 source traits
a stable characteristic that can be considered to be at the core of personality
