Chap 5: Personal nutrition

Question 1

What are the 6 essential nutrients required for the body?

Answer 1

Six classes of essential nutrients:

Water
Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 2

How do you measure the amount of energy derived from foods(i.e calories)?

Answer 2

Fat = 9 calories per gram
Protein = 4 calories per gram
Carbohydrate = 4 calories per gram

Question 3

Explain the 3 types of proteins.

Answer 3

• Complete: provide the 9 essential AAs
• Incomplete: relatively low levels of 1 or 2 essential AAs, but fairly high levels of others
• Complementary: combining incomplete proteins to ensure that the body gets sufficient protein

Question 4

What are the classifications of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

• Monosaccharides (simple carbohydrates): one simple sugar unit
• Disaccharides: 2 sugar units linked by a chemical bond; must be broken down into simple sugars before the body can use them
• Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates): more than 10 units of sugar; must be broken down to be used

Question 5

Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats.

Answer 5

Saturated fats

• Solid at room temperature
  (e.g., butter)
• Linked to Cholesterol
• High saturated fat = bad cholesterol (LDL)
  increases the risk of heart disease

Unsaturated fats

• Usually liquid at room temperature (oils)
• Monounsaturated: improve blood cholesterol levels
• Polyunsaturated: help prevent blood clots and lower triglyceride levels

Question 6

Which kind of fat is the worst for your body?

Answer 6

Trans fatty acids: hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acids – risk for CV disease

Question 7

What is cholesterol made of?

Answer 7

Cholesterol is made up of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

Question 8

What benefits can be derived from vitamins?

Answer 8

• Essential to regulating growth, maintaining tissue, and releasing energy from foods
• Involved in manufacturing blood cells, hormones, and other compounds
• Body produces some but others must be ingested

Question 9

What are the benefits of minerals?

Answer 9

• Help build bones and teeth, aid in muscle function, help our nervous system transmit messages
• Need minerals for vitamin absorption

Question 10

What are the functions of consuming water?

Answer 10

• Carries nutrients and removes waste
• Dissolves Liquids, amino acids, glucose, and minerals
• Cleans body by removing toxins; regulating body temperature

Question 11

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 11

• Help build new tissue to keep hair, skin, and eyesight healthy
• They build antibodies, enzymes, hormones, and other compounds
• Provide fuel for the body

Question 12

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Provides energy.

Question 13

What are the functions of saturated fats?

Answer 13

• Provide energy
• Trigger production of cholesterol

Question 14

What are the functions of unsaturated fats?

Answer 14

Also, provides energy, but triggers more “good” cholesterol production and less “bad” cholesterol production