Chap 3 - Psychosocial perspective of gender and sexuality Flashcards
Social script ascribed to individuals performing to their role in child-bearing or child-rearing and related tasks such as maintaining the household
Reproductive role
Social script ascribed to individuals pertaining to their role in economic production and related tasks such as engaging in public affairs and living in the world of work.
Productive role
this is anything associated with mental process behaviors
Psychological
associated with human relationships, connections, and interactions
social
These domains means that in studying gender and sexuality, it is important to look into the way people think (cognition), feel (affect), and behave (behavior) since these are linked to one another.
Psychology
3 primary psychological domains
affect, behavior, cognition
FIELD OF SCIENCE which concerns itself with the human person’s realities and experiences as part of groups and institutions including the structures and functions of these institutions, and the dynamics of human relationships within them.
Sociology
conscious understanding of something
self-awareness
§What am I physiologically?
§What is my gender?
§What is my sexual orientation?
§How am I expressing my gender?
§How do I feel about my sexuality
Am I happy with what I am?
self - awareness
understanding others
other - awareness
§What is he/she physiologically?
§What is his/her preferences?
§How is he/she different from me?
§How is he/she similar from me?
§What is his/her motivations and aspirations?
other - awareness
A bond formed between two/more people, manifested through communications and interactions
Human relationship
Process of knowing others and allowing others to know us
intimacy
The process by which we learn cultural norms and traditions.
Socialization
Well being
Observed, outward, and can be evaluated through the presence/absence of particular elements in our environment.
objective well being
Personal experience of satisfaction, meaning, and purpose.
subjective well being
The totality of our sensory experiences and perception.
sensorium
Our affect (emotions and feelings) actually play a major role in our behavior.
true
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT SENSORY EXPERIENCES RELATED TO SEXUALITY?
Visual, Olfactory, tactile, and auditory
Overall, both men and women value physical attractiveness and this is true across many different cultures.
However, there are some studies that have explored gender differences in visual stimuli and sexual arousal.
visual experience
The study of _______________ found that when confronted by an intimate interaction, men would tend to be rather influenced by _______________.
On the other hand, women were found to be more influenced by the ____________.
Visual experience, Rupp and Wallen, visual cues, context
Scientists have tried to explain how human olfaction influence sexuality. Our noses are the best compass to find a suitable partner because of two reasons:
-Pheromones
-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC )
Chemical molecules released in humans, insects, and animals that trigger a response to or elicit specific behavioral expressions or hormonal changes from the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes of the same species.
Pheromones
the part of the brain that interprets these chemical messages.
- this part comprises much of the ___________, the part of the body responsible of managing our emotions, including sexual behavior.
Olfactory Experience, Hypothalamus, Limbic system
A group of genes that code for proteins that help the immune system recognize foreign substances.
Major Histicompatibility Complex
It is because of these genes that we feel attracted to another person’s signature odor.
Major Histocompatability Complex
Heterosexual females tend to like wearing floral sweet scents but want musky-spicy scent to be worn by their partners.
True
Heterosexual males and homosexual females preferred wearing musky-spicy scent and liked their partners to wear floral-sweet scent.
True
Homosexual males wanted musky-spicy for themselves and their partner
True
Muscarella, Arantes, and Konscol (2011)
katong mga perfume
__________ is an element of intimacy and holds meaning.
Tactile experiences, touch
Elements of touch
- tactile
- thermal
- vibrational
mouth, anus, genitals, & nipples
primary erogenous zone
back, cheek, neck, and buttocks
secondary erogenous zones
is believed to influence tribal behavior and maternal bonding.
oxytocin
In sexual interactions, couples may give verbal erotic encouraging-words that trigger sexual response or verbal expression of affection.
auditory experience
an action with sexual intention and context.
sexual behavior
related to sexual stimulation; has something to do with erogenous zones
erotic
sequence of events from arousal to orgasm to resolution of sexual tension.
sexual response cycle
a concern or problem in any of these phases of the sexual response cycle
sexual dysfunction
related to the insertion of the penis to the vagina
copulatory behavior
arousal from non-living objects or nonconsenting persons
paraphilia
refers to actions
behaviors
observable
overt
not readily observable to the naked eye
covert
magnitude by which it is done
intensity
These are actions that humans interpret as an expression of their sexual motivation or intention.
Generally erotic.
Sexual behaviors
self directed
auto erotic
same sex
homo erotic sexual behavior
other sex
hetero erotic sexual behavior
oral stimulation of the penis
fellatio
oral stimulation of the vagina
cunnilingus
stimulation or penetration of the anal orifice
anal sex
Kaplan’s model
desire, arousal, orgasm
an individual has low levels of desire or has an aversion to sexual activities.
Sexual Desire Disorder
an individual has problems in achieving necessary physiological state of copulation
sexual arousal disorder
example of sexual arousal disorders of males
erectile dysfunction in males
an individual has problems in achieving orgasm, premature ejaculation among males
orgasmic disorder
this refers to a problem during any phase of the sexual response cycle that prevents an individual or couple from experiencing satisfaction
sexual dysfunction
an experience of pain during the sexual response cycle
sexual pain disorders
painful erection
dyspareunia
vaginal spams
vaginismus
an inividual gets sexually aroused by an object, a person, or a circumstance that are unusual
paraphilias
Paraphilias are
- not prevalent
- dangerous to self and others
- bizarre and are not usually acceptable
- distressing either to the doer or other people involved in the act
It is a paraphilic disorder when the urge lasts for atleast _________ months.
6
Paraphilic disorder happens when the individual has acted on these sexual urges with a nonconsenting person or the sexual urges or fantasies causes __________________ or ___________ in social, occupational, or other areas in functioning.
clinically significant distress, impairment
pleasure from exposing one’s genitals to non - consenting people
exhibitionism
arousal from non - living objects
fetishism
touching or rubbing one’s body or genitals to a non consenting person
frotteurism
arousal from prepubescent children
pedophilia
arousal from being humiliated, beaten, bound
sexual masochism
arousal from inflicting pain to others
sexual sadism
arousal from wearing clothing by the opposite sex during sexual activities
transvestic fetishism ( for heterosexual males only)
observing people engaged in sexual activities
voyeurism
ONLY trained ____________ or medical doctors can make such diagnosis after conducting lengthy and comprehensive assessments.
psychologists
