Chap 1 ( Understanding gender and sexuality as a social reality) Flashcards
1
Q
This is biologically determined
A
Sex
2
Q
This is socially determined - culturally defined
A
Gender
3
Q
Sex is universal, conginetal, changing, unvarying
A
False, changing - unchanging
4
Q
Gender is cultural, acquired behavior, changes over time and does not vary within a culture/among culture
A
False, learned behavior, and varies
5
Q
Biological and physiological differences between males and females as determined by _________.
A
Sex, nature
6
Q
this is the body contour, features, genitals and reproductive organs
A
Physical attributes
7
Q
These are the chromosomes and hormones
A
Genetics attribute
8
Q
This is when you are calles a female or male
A
Label
9
Q
What are the different biological attributes of differentiating people based on sex
A
PHYSICAL, GENETIC, LABEL
10
Q
Female is XX
A
True
11
Q
Male is XX
A
False, XY
12
Q
What is the hormones of male and female
A
male - testosterone
female - estrogen
13
Q
What is the internal reporoductive system of females
A
Mullerian Duct System
14
Q
What is the internal reproductive structures of male
A
wolffian ducsts
15
Q
External sex structure of male
A
Penis and Scrotal sac
16
Q
Internal sex structure of female
A
clitoris and vagina
17
Q
Distinctive qualities of men and women, the ___________ and the __________ of an individual that are ___________ created.
A
Gender, masculinitym femininity, culturally
18
Q
The state of being male or female
A
Gender
19
Q
Gender Differentiating people based on
A
- Perception
- Roles, and Social Expectations
- Femininity and Masculinity
20
Q
Women as incompetent
A
social definition
21
Q
Male as logical
A
Social definition
22
Q
The phenomenon of determining the normality of a behavior based on whether it conforms or not to the expectations relative to one’s biological sex.
A
Heteronormativity
23
Q
Aspect of gender referring to the sense of who we are. How we see and experience ourselves (as a man, a woman, or neither).
A
Gender Identity
24
Q
Cases when a person’s biological sex does not align with one’s gender identity. May undergo gender reassignment surgery
A
Transgender
25
attracted to opposite sex
Heterosexuals
26
Aspect of gender that pertains to our emotional and sexual attraction to one person
Sexul Orientation
27
attracyed to people of the same sex
homosexual ( gay/lesbian)
28
attracted to both sexes, male of female
bisexual
29
human societies have high regard for women - concept of _________________ has prevailed - treated women equally with men.
Dawn of civilizations - divine feminine
30
men and women have equitable power and roles
egalitarian societies
31
humans discovery of paternity ( fatherhood)
agricultural era
32
gender disparity was intensifies
industrial era
33
patriarchy from the greek word __________, the rule of the father
patriarkhes
34
a social system where men primarily holds power in the political and the private spheres
patriarchy
35
●Social system where men primarily holds power in the political and the private spheres
●Society is organized and maintained in a way that men rule over women and their children
Patriarchy
36
only men can inherit property and family name
Patrilineal
37
●Viewed as a social construct and not as a biological phenomenon
patriarchy
38
Patriarchy Came about when people started having private property instead of a _____________ (F. Engels)
communal living
39
led to creating product surplus which allows people to have private property
Development of agriculture
40
Aristitlotle, Plato, and other Greek philosophers viewed women as inferior sex and are properties of men whose only job was to obey their husbands, bear children, and take care of the household.
Women are forbidden to learn philosophy, politics, and science.
Greek
41
oEgyptian women enjoyed higher social status than Greek women because they can inherit property and engage in trade (Herodotus)
However, Greek influence quickly spread in Egypt through the conquests of Alexander the Great across Asia and Africa.
Egypt
42
______________'s written rules – dictate how women should conduct themselves
“___________________________” and “Precepts of women” states that women should obey their father, when married she is to obey her husband, and when widowed she is to obey her son.
China, Confucianism's, Three obedience's and four virtues"
43
Patriarchy has taken on subtle forms of oppression such as
Sexism ( prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination based on sex)
Gender pay gap - men earn more than women
Underrepresentation - politics, militarym esecutive positions
rape on women - stigma making women ashamed to report the crime
44
primarily characterized by the women’s suffrage movement and their championing of the woman’s right to vote.
First Wave: 1848 – 1920
45
Øencompassed far more issues such as pay equality, reproductive rights, female sexuality, and domestic violence
Ømade some attempts to encompass racial justice, it remained a lesser priority than gender.
Class and race were viewed as secondary issues.
second wave - 1963 to 1980s
46
Øchallenging female heteronormativity.
Øsought to redefine femininity and sought to celebrate differences across race, class, and sexual orientations.
development of intersectionality began to take form.
Third wave 1990s
47
Øcharacterized by action-based viral campaigns, protests, and movements like #MeToo advancing from the fringes of society into the headlines of our everyday news.
It seeks to further deconstruct gender norms.
Fourth wave: Present day
48
●the process of investigating social realities
Social Research
49
the orientation on understanding social realities
research approach
50
considerations in conducting research to make sure that the well - being of the participants are ensured, and that the outcome of the study is sound without being undue harm to people involves
Ethics in research
51
Øsets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and femininity”
ØNot fixed; vary in terms of time and country or tribe
Gender role / sex role
52
men as masculine (matipuno/matapang); women as feminine (mahinhin) – the NORM
Binary system
53
In ________________, we are asked to disrupt and question these kinds of social expectations, gender roles, and gender norms.
gender studies
54
A field of study concerned about how reproductive roles are interpreted and negotiated in the society through gender
gender studies
55
Came about in the mid 1970’s after the 2nd – wave of feminism as a way to challenge the male-defined and male-centered knowledge
Gender studies
56
______________ are socially constructed, not ”born with”. Society, through a lifelong process of _____________, encourages or reprimands behaviors to make a child adapt to these social expectations.
Gender roles, normalization
57
______________ lets us analyze the creation and maintenance of these gender norms so that it does not create inequalities in our social, political, and economic spheres.
Gender studies
58
systematic approach in identifying problems, making hypotheses and assumptions, gathering data, and making conclusions
systematic approach
59
Focuses more on meanings created and interpretations made by people about their own personal or vicarious (observed) experiences
Qualitative Approach
60
used when you want to know how women, men, or LGBTQ+ live their lives on a daily basis and how they make sense of their lived experiences
Qualitative approach
61
conducting intensive interviews with individuals who have experienced a particular event and understanding their “lived experience”
Phenomenology methods
62
understanding the meaning of texts (literary/art works) and what they convey about human realities
hermeneutics
63
immersing in a community and taking note of their experiences, beliefs, attitudes, & practices
ethography and ethnomethodology
64
Focuses more on characterizing a population (total number of individuals in a group) or a sample ( a sub-group within the population), making generalizations about the population based on the behavior of the sample
quantitative approach
65
used • when you want to know how many Filipino adolescents engaged into a romantic relationship, how many still believe in marriage
quantitative approach
66
collecting information from a sample
survey method
67
creating actual set-ups to observe behavior of people in an experimental group (receives treatment like training or new experience) and comparing it to the behavior of people in control group (without any treatment)
experiment method
68
combining qualitative and quantitative methods to derive data form multiple sources.
mixed methods
69
Making sure that people involved in the research are protected from harm
ethical principles
70
What are the ethics in gender and sexuality research
- informed consent
- confidentiality and anonymity
-non - malifecence and beneficence
- distributive justice
71
ØResearchers should make sure that the participants in the study are aware of the purpose and processes of the study they are participating in.
ØShould ensure that only those participants who agree (in writing) will be included, and that they shall not force any participant to join
Informed consent
72
ØResearchers should not reveal any information provided by the participants, much so, their identity to anyone who are not concerned with the study.
ØAll data gathered from surveys or interviews should also be placed in a secure location or filing system
confidentiality and anonymity
73
ØA study should do no harm (non-maleficence) to anyone.
Especially in researches involving humans, a study should be beneficial (beneficence) for it to be worth implementing
non malifecence and benifecence
74
ØAny study should not disadvantage a particular group, especially the marginalized and oppressed (e.g. poor, women, LGBTQ+, elderly).
ØThe benefits of the study should be for all.
distributive justice
