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Gender and Society > Chap 1 ( Understanding gender and sexuality as a social reality) > Flashcards

Chap 1 ( Understanding gender and sexuality as a social reality) Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This is biologically determined

A

Sex

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2
Q

This is socially determined - culturally defined

A

Gender

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3
Q

Sex is universal, conginetal, changing, unvarying

A

False, changing - unchanging

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4
Q

Gender is cultural, acquired behavior, changes over time and does not vary within a culture/among culture

A

False, learned behavior, and varies

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5
Q

Biological and physiological differences between males and females as determined by _________.

A

Sex, nature

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6
Q

this is the body contour, features, genitals and reproductive organs

A

Physical attributes

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7
Q

These are the chromosomes and hormones

A

Genetics attribute

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8
Q

This is when you are calles a female or male

A

Label

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9
Q

What are the different biological attributes of differentiating people based on sex

A

PHYSICAL, GENETIC, LABEL

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10
Q

Female is XX

A

True

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11
Q

Male is XX

A

False, XY

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12
Q

What is the hormones of male and female

A

male - testosterone
female - estrogen

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13
Q

What is the internal reporoductive system of females

A

Mullerian Duct System

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14
Q

What is the internal reproductive structures of male

A

wolffian ducsts

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15
Q

External sex structure of male

A

Penis and Scrotal sac

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16
Q

Internal sex structure of female

A

clitoris and vagina

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17
Q

Distinctive qualities of men and women, the ___________ and the __________ of an individual that are ___________ created.

A

Gender, masculinitym femininity, culturally

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18
Q

The state of being male or female

A

Gender

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19
Q

Gender Differentiating people based on

A
  • Perception
  • Roles, and Social Expectations
  • Femininity and Masculinity
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20
Q

Women as incompetent

A

social definition

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21
Q

Male as logical

A

Social definition

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22
Q

The phenomenon of determining the normality of a behavior based on whether it conforms or not to the expectations relative to one’s biological sex.

A

Heteronormativity

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23
Q

Aspect of gender referring to the sense of who we are. How we see and experience ourselves (as a man, a woman, or neither).

A

Gender Identity

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24
Q

Cases when a person’s biological sex does not align with one’s gender identity. May undergo gender reassignment surgery

A

Transgender

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25
Q

attracted to opposite sex

A

Heterosexuals

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26
Q

Aspect of gender that pertains to our emotional and sexual attraction to one person

A

Sexul Orientation

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27
Q

attracyed to people of the same sex

A

homosexual ( gay/lesbian)

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28
Q

attracted to both sexes, male of female

A

bisexual

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29
Q

human societies have high regard for women - concept of _________________ has prevailed - treated women equally with men.

A

Dawn of civilizations - divine feminine

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30
Q

men and women have equitable power and roles

A

egalitarian societies

31
Q

humans discovery of paternity ( fatherhood)

A

agricultural era

32
Q

gender disparity was intensifies

A

industrial era

33
Q

patriarchy from the greek word __________, the rule of the father

A

patriarkhes

34
Q

a social system where men primarily holds power in the political and the private spheres

A

patriarchy

35
Q

●Social system where men primarily holds power in the political and the private spheres

●Society is organized and maintained in a way that men rule over women and their children

A

Patriarchy

36
Q

only men can inherit property and family name

A

Patrilineal

37
Q

●Viewed as a social construct and not as a biological phenomenon

A

patriarchy

38
Q

Patriarchy Came about when people started having private property instead of a _____________ (F. Engels)

A

communal living

39
Q

led to creating product surplus which allows people to have private property

A

Development of agriculture

40
Q

Aristitlotle, Plato, and other Greek philosophers viewed women as inferior sex and are properties of men whose only job was to obey their husbands, bear children, and take care of the household.

Women are forbidden to learn philosophy, politics, and science.

A

Greek

41
Q

oEgyptian women enjoyed higher social status than Greek women because they can inherit property and engage in trade (Herodotus)

However, Greek influence quickly spread in Egypt through the conquests of Alexander the Great across Asia and Africa.

A

Egypt

42
Q

______________’s written rules – dictate how women should conduct themselves

“___________________________” and “Precepts of women” states that women should obey their father, when married she is to obey her husband, and when widowed she is to obey her son.

A

China, Confucianism’s, Three obedience’s and four virtues”

43
Q

Patriarchy has taken on subtle forms of oppression such as

A

Sexism ( prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination based on sex)
Gender pay gap - men earn more than women
Underrepresentation - politics, militarym esecutive positions
rape on women - stigma making women ashamed to report the crime

44
Q

primarily characterized by the women’s suffrage movement and their championing of the woman’s right to vote.

A

First Wave: 1848 – 1920

45
Q

Øencompassed far more issues such as pay equality, reproductive rights, female sexuality, and domestic violence

Ømade some attempts to encompass racial justice, it remained a lesser priority than gender.

Class and race were viewed as secondary issues.

A

second wave - 1963 to 1980s

46
Q

Øchallenging female heteronormativity.

Øsought to redefine femininity and sought to celebrate differences across race, class, and sexual orientations.

development of intersectionality began to take form.

A

Third wave 1990s

47
Q

Øcharacterized by action-based viral campaigns, protests, and movements like #MeToo advancing from the fringes of society into the headlines of our everyday news.

It seeks to further deconstruct gender norms.

A

Fourth wave: Present day

48
Q

●the process of investigating social realities

A

Social Research

49
Q

the orientation on understanding social realities

A

research approach

50
Q

considerations in conducting research to make sure that the well - being of the participants are ensured, and that the outcome of the study is sound without being undue harm to people involves

A

Ethics in research

51
Q

Øsets of culturally defined behaviors such as masculinity and femininity”

ØNot fixed; vary in terms of time and country or tribe

A

Gender role / sex role

52
Q

men as masculine (matipuno/matapang); women as feminine (mahinhin) – the NORM

A

Binary system

53
Q

In ________________, we are asked to disrupt and question these kinds of social expectations, gender roles, and gender norms.

A

gender studies

54
Q

A field of study concerned about how reproductive roles are interpreted and negotiated in the society through gender

A

gender studies

55
Q

Came about in the mid 1970’s after the 2nd – wave of feminism as a way to challenge the male-defined and male-centered knowledge

A

Gender studies

56
Q

______________ are socially constructed, not ”born with”. Society, through a lifelong process of _____________, encourages or reprimands behaviors to make a child adapt to these social expectations.

A

Gender roles, normalization

57
Q

______________ lets us analyze the creation and maintenance of these gender norms so that it does not create inequalities in our social, political, and economic spheres.

A

Gender studies

58
Q

systematic approach in identifying problems, making hypotheses and assumptions, gathering data, and making conclusions

A

systematic approach

59
Q

Focuses more on meanings created and interpretations made by people about their own personal or vicarious (observed) experiences

A

Qualitative Approach

60
Q

used when you want to know how women, men, or LGBTQ+ live their lives on a daily basis and how they make sense of their lived experiences

A

Qualitative approach

61
Q

conducting intensive interviews with individuals who have experienced a particular event and understanding their “lived experience”

A

Phenomenology methods

62
Q

understanding the meaning of texts (literary/art works) and what they convey about human realities

A

hermeneutics

63
Q

immersing in a community and taking note of their experiences, beliefs, attitudes, & practices

A

ethography and ethnomethodology

64
Q

Focuses more on characterizing a population (total number of individuals in a group) or a sample ( a sub-group within the population), making generalizations about the population based on the behavior of the sample

A

quantitative approach

65
Q

used • when you want to know how many Filipino adolescents engaged into a romantic relationship, how many still believe in marriage

A

quantitative approach

66
Q

collecting information from a sample

A

survey method

67
Q

creating actual set-ups to observe behavior of people in an experimental group (receives treatment like training or new experience) and comparing it to the behavior of people in control group (without any treatment)

A

experiment method

68
Q

combining qualitative and quantitative methods to derive data form multiple sources.

A

mixed methods

69
Q

Making sure that people involved in the research are protected from harm

A

ethical principles

70
Q

What are the ethics in gender and sexuality research

A
  • informed consent
  • confidentiality and anonymity
    -non - malifecence and beneficence
  • distributive justice
71
Q

ØResearchers should make sure that the participants in the study are aware of the purpose and processes of the study they are participating in.

ØShould ensure that only those participants who agree (in writing) will be included, and that they shall not force any participant to join

A

Informed consent

72
Q

ØResearchers should not reveal any information provided by the participants, much so, their identity to anyone who are not concerned with the study.

ØAll data gathered from surveys or interviews should also be placed in a secure location or filing system

A

confidentiality and anonymity

73
Q

ØA study should do no harm (non-maleficence) to anyone.

Especially in researches involving humans, a study should be beneficial (beneficence) for it to be worth implementing

A

non malifecence and benifecence

74
Q

ØAny study should not disadvantage a particular group, especially the marginalized and oppressed (e.g. poor, women, LGBTQ+, elderly).

ØThe benefits of the study should be for all.

A

distributive justice

Gender and Society (9 decks)

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