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Organ Histo > chap 3 part 2 > Flashcards

chap 3 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of articular cartilage is primarily densely packed collagen II?

A

surface layer

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2
Q

Which layer of articular cartilage is a thin crystalline mineral plate that functions in sealing the cartilage from bone?

A

deep layer (by bone)

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3
Q

Which layer of articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes arranged in columns?

A

middle

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4
Q

What is the outer layer (continuous with the periosteum) of the joint capsule composed of?

A

fibrous dense CT

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5
Q

Which layer of the joint capsule contains a rich blood, lymph, and nerve supply, regenerates if damaged and is not considered an epithelial lining?

A

synovial layer or synovial membrane

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6
Q

What are the two cell types associated with the synovial layer?

A

Type A synovocytes and type B synovoctyes

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7
Q

What makes up synovial fluid?

A

high concentration of hyaluronan and lubricin

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of synovial membranes?

A

fibrous synovium, areolar synovium, and adipose synovium

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9
Q

Which type of synovial membrane has Type A and B cells and extends into the joint cavity as synovial folds and villi?

A

areolar synovium

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10
Q

T/F: adipose synovium contains Type A cells.

A

False; Type B cells

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11
Q

Which is slower and more common, appositional or interstitial cartilage growth?

A

appositional cartilage growth occurs much slower and is more common

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12
Q

Where does appositional growth originate?

A

perichondrium

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13
Q

T/F: new chondroblasts can develop from fibroblasts in the fibrous perichondrium?

A

true

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14
Q

Where does new chondrogenic perichondrium develop from?

A

the previous fibrous perichondrium

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15
Q

Where does new fibrous perichondrium develop from?

A

the surrounding CT

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16
Q

What are the 2 main functions of appositional cartilage growth?

A

enlarging existing cartilage and healing

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17
Q

What type of cartilage has more chondrocytes, less matrix, and elastic fibers?

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

How does elastic cartilage function?

A

provides more flexibility; not to stretch like a rubber band

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19
Q

What type of cartilage is composed of chondrocytes, fibrocytes, and collagen I fibers?

A

fibrocartilage

20
Q

T/F: fibrocartilage has no perichondrium and is avascular.

A

True (with exception of a few vessels in peripheral knee menisci)

21
Q

What are the 2 main functions of fibrocartilage?

A

provides strength (against stretch/tensile forces) and shock absorption (resists compressive forces)

22
Q

What is the major limitation of fibrocartilage?

A

no appositional healing because there is no perichondrium

23
Q

During development of fibrocartilage, tissue is initally more like what?

A

dense regular CT with fibroblasts

24
Q

During development of fibrocartilage, the pressure from accumulating molecules changes the fibroblasts into what?

A

chondrocytes

25
Q

During development of fibrocartilage, what type of cells/fibers develop following compressive forces?

A

hyaline matrix (collagen II fibers and GAGs)

26
Q

If developing fibrocartilage experiences more shearing/pulling forces, what type of cells/fibers develop

A

collagen I

27
Q

T/F: no fibroblasts remain as fibrocytes.

A

False; some do

28
Q

What type of cartilage is a combination of dense regular CT and hyaline cartilage?

A

fibrocartilage

29
Q

What happens to chondrocyte numbers with aging? what happens to matrix with aging? calcification of cartilage?

A

decrease, decrease, and increase

30
Q

What type of cartilage tends to resist calcification?

A

elastic cartilage

31
Q

When is the effect of hormones and vitamins greatest?

A

during original cartilage growth and development; including epiphyseal growth plates and the ossification process

32
Q

What stage of arthritis benefits most from glucosamine and chondroitin supplements?

A

mild to moderate

33
Q

T/F: healing of hyaline and elastic cartilage is much better in children than adults and typically ends up producing a lot of scar tissue.

A

True

34
Q

When is osteoarthritis considered pathological?

A

before 65 years old or if its too severely

35
Q

What are the 3 types of osteoarthritis?

A

primary, traumatic, and inherited OA

36
Q

Which type of OA is caused by mutant collagen II fibers and thus not as strong?

A

Inherited OA

37
Q

At which age do most people have at least some primary OA?

A

70

38
Q

What is the OA cycle?

A

cartilage decreases leads to osteophytes develop leads to joint irritation which leads to inflammation which leads to losing more cartilage

39
Q

What are the two parts of the intervertebral disc?

A

nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis

40
Q

Which part of the intervertebral disc had no (or at least very few) cells after the 20s

A

nucleus pulposus

41
Q

Which part of the intervertebral disc is composed mostly of HA (therfore much water) and collagen II? It also functions to resist compressive forces?

A

nucleus pulposus

42
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis made of?

A

fibrocartilage; collagen I with some hyaline matrix; chondrocytes and fibrocytes

43
Q

What is the function of the annulus fibrosis?

A

to support the nucleus pulposis

44
Q

What change in collagen fibers occurs with age-related degenerative changes to IVD?

A

more collagen II and less collagen I

45
Q

T/F: With age-related degenerative changes to IVD, fibrocytes produce more proteoglycans.

A

True

46
Q

T/f: chondrocytes are able to maintain decreased aggrecans.

A

true

Organ Histo (7 decks)

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