chap 3 part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of articular cartilage is primarily densely packed collagen II?

A

surface layer

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2
Q

Which layer of articular cartilage is a thin crystalline mineral plate that functions in sealing the cartilage from bone?

A

deep layer (by bone)

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3
Q

Which layer of articular cartilage is composed of chondrocytes arranged in columns?

A

middle

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4
Q

What is the outer layer (continuous with the periosteum) of the joint capsule composed of?

A

fibrous dense CT

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5
Q

Which layer of the joint capsule contains a rich blood, lymph, and nerve supply, regenerates if damaged and is not considered an epithelial lining?

A

synovial layer or synovial membrane

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6
Q

What are the two cell types associated with the synovial layer?

A

Type A synovocytes and type B synovoctyes

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7
Q

What makes up synovial fluid?

A

high concentration of hyaluronan and lubricin

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of synovial membranes?

A

fibrous synovium, areolar synovium, and adipose synovium

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9
Q

Which type of synovial membrane has Type A and B cells and extends into the joint cavity as synovial folds and villi?

A

areolar synovium

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10
Q

T/F: adipose synovium contains Type A cells.

A

False; Type B cells

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11
Q

Which is slower and more common, appositional or interstitial cartilage growth?

A

appositional cartilage growth occurs much slower and is more common

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12
Q

Where does appositional growth originate?

A

perichondrium

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13
Q

T/F: new chondroblasts can develop from fibroblasts in the fibrous perichondrium?

A

true

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14
Q

Where does new chondrogenic perichondrium develop from?

A

the previous fibrous perichondrium

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15
Q

Where does new fibrous perichondrium develop from?

A

the surrounding CT

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16
Q

What are the 2 main functions of appositional cartilage growth?

A

enlarging existing cartilage and healing

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17
Q

What type of cartilage has more chondrocytes, less matrix, and elastic fibers?

A

elastic cartilage

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18
Q

How does elastic cartilage function?

A

provides more flexibility; not to stretch like a rubber band

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19
Q

What type of cartilage is composed of chondrocytes, fibrocytes, and collagen I fibers?

A

fibrocartilage

20
Q

T/F: fibrocartilage has no perichondrium and is avascular.

A

True (with exception of a few vessels in peripheral knee menisci)

21
Q

What are the 2 main functions of fibrocartilage?

A

provides strength (against stretch/tensile forces) and shock absorption (resists compressive forces)

22
Q

What is the major limitation of fibrocartilage?

A

no appositional healing because there is no perichondrium

23
Q

During development of fibrocartilage, tissue is initally more like what?

A

dense regular CT with fibroblasts

24
Q

During development of fibrocartilage, the pressure from accumulating molecules changes the fibroblasts into what?

A

chondrocytes

25
During development of fibrocartilage, what type of cells/fibers develop following compressive forces?
hyaline matrix (collagen II fibers and GAGs)
26
If developing fibrocartilage experiences more shearing/pulling forces, what type of cells/fibers develop
collagen I
27
T/F: no fibroblasts remain as fibrocytes.
False; some do
28
What type of cartilage is a combination of dense regular CT and hyaline cartilage?
fibrocartilage
29
What happens to chondrocyte numbers with aging? what happens to matrix with aging? calcification of cartilage?
decrease, decrease, and increase
30
What type of cartilage tends to resist calcification?
elastic cartilage
31
When is the effect of hormones and vitamins greatest?
during original cartilage growth and development; including epiphyseal growth plates and the ossification process
32
What stage of arthritis benefits most from glucosamine and chondroitin supplements?
mild to moderate
33
T/F: healing of hyaline and elastic cartilage is much better in children than adults and typically ends up producing a lot of scar tissue.
True
34
When is osteoarthritis considered pathological?
before 65 years old or if its too severely
35
What are the 3 types of osteoarthritis?
primary, traumatic, and inherited OA
36
Which type of OA is caused by mutant collagen II fibers and thus not as strong?
Inherited OA
37
At which age do most people have at least some primary OA?
70
38
What is the OA cycle?
cartilage decreases leads to osteophytes develop leads to joint irritation which leads to inflammation which leads to losing more cartilage
39
What are the two parts of the intervertebral disc?
nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosis
40
Which part of the intervertebral disc had no (or at least very few) cells after the 20s
nucleus pulposus
41
Which part of the intervertebral disc is composed mostly of HA (therfore much water) and collagen II? It also functions to resist compressive forces?
nucleus pulposus
42
What is the annulus fibrosis made of?
fibrocartilage; collagen I with some hyaline matrix; chondrocytes and fibrocytes
43
What is the function of the annulus fibrosis?
to support the nucleus pulposis
44
What change in collagen fibers occurs with age-related degenerative changes to IVD?
more collagen II and less collagen I
45
T/F: With age-related degenerative changes to IVD, fibrocytes produce more proteoglycans.
True
46
T/f: chondrocytes are able to maintain decreased aggrecans.
true