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Organ Histo > Chap 1 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 general function of epithelium?

A

absorption, secretion and providing a barrier

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2
Q

What are the 3 specialized functions of epithelium?

A

transport molecules across epi, selective permeability, and sensory

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3
Q

T/F: epithelial cells being adjacent to each other is a characteristic shared among all types of epithelium.

A

True

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4
Q

What are the two types of basement membranes that epithelial cells are associated with?

A

either complete or partial basement membranes

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5
Q

What are the parts of a complete basement membrane?

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

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6
Q

What are the parts of a partial basement membrane?

A

basal lamina only

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7
Q

What produces the basal lamina?

A

epithelial cells

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8
Q

What produces the reticular lamina?

A

fibroblasts in connective tissue

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9
Q

What are the 3 main functions of a basement membrane?

A

provides a surface for epithelial cell attachment, molecular filter, and limits stretch

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10
Q

T/F: collagen I fibers can stretch.

A

false; this how basement membranes limit stretch

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11
Q

T/F: epithelium is directly supplied by blood vessels.

A

False; epithelium is avascular and cells obtain nutrition by diffusion

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12
Q

What are the 2 functions of CT?

A

provides nutrition and source of defensive cells

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13
Q

What are epithelial cells held together by?

A

cell junctions

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of cell junctions?

A

Zonula Occludens, Zonula Adherens, Macula Adherens, and Gap Junctions

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15
Q

Which type of cell junction is considered a tight junction?

A

Zonula Occludens

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16
Q

Which type of cell junction involves sharing of intrinsic membrane proteins between adjacent cells?

A

Zonula Occludens

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17
Q

What are the two functions of the Zonula Occludens?

A

Provide strong attachment and prevent passage of material between cells

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18
Q

Which type of cell junction can be considered and adhesion belt?

A

Zonula Adherens

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19
Q

Which type of cell junction consists of cadherins and marginal bands?

A

Zonula Adherens

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20
Q

What are cadherins?

A

Linkage proteins between cells

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21
Q

What are marginal bands?

A

microfilaments which attach the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane

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22
Q

What are the two functions of the Zonula Adherens?

A

strong attachment function and provide cell structural stability

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23
Q

Which cell junction is essentialy just desmosomes?

A

Macula Adherens

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24
Q

What is the function of the macula adherens?>

A

strong attachment

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25
Which type of cell junction consists of six connexins arranged in a cylinder?
Gap junctions
26
What are connexins?
proteins; a complete structure
27
What are the 2 functions of Gap Junctions?
strong attachment, and transport materials
28
Which types of cell junctions function is providing a strong attachment?
All 4
29
What is the Junctional Complex?
Zona Occludens, Zona Adherens, and Macula Adherens
30
Hemidesmosomes and focal point contacts are junctions that do what?
hold the epithelium to the basement membrane and the CT below
31
What are hemidesmosomes?
Essentially, half of a desmosome; help to connect epithelial cells to the basal lamina
32
What are focal point contacts?
The area where Integrin (a transmembrane protein of the cell membrane) binds to structural CT glycoproteins and also connects to cytoskeleton
33
What is Bullous pemphigold?
an autoimmune skin disease causing large blistering lesions that burst, but do heal
34
What causes Bullous pemphigold?
antibodies bind to some proteins in hemidesmosomes
35
What is simple epithelium?
epithelium that is a single cell thick
36
What are the 4 different types of simple epithelium?
Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, and ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory epithelium)
37
Where is simple squamous found?
lung, parietal layer of the Bowman's capsule in the kidney, and serosa on the outside of organs
38
What kind of simple epithelium can be described as a single layer of flattened cells?
simple squamous
39
What are the 2 functions of simple squamous?
provide a barrier and provide a living filter
40
What kind of simple epithelium can be found in exocrine ducts, thyroid follicular cells, and kidney tubules?
Simple Cuboidal
41
Which type of simple epithelium can be described as a single layer of cube shaped cells where the nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasm and typically looks like a square when sectioned for a slide?
simple cuboidal
42
What are the 3 main functions of simple cuboidal?
provides a barrier, secretion, and absorption
43
What types of simple epithelium function in both secretion and absorption?
simple cuboidal and simple columnar
44
Which types of simple epithelium function in providing a barrier?
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, and simple columnar
45
Which type of simple epithelium can be found in the gallbladder and larger exocrine ducts.
Simple columnar; can also be found in stomach and SI
46
Which type of simple endothelium typically looks rectangular when sectioned for a slide?
simple columnar
47
What are the 3 functions of simple columnar epithelium?
barrier, secretion, and absorption
48
Which type of simple epithelium can be found in the trachea, nasal cavity and bronchi?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
49
Why does ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium sometimes appear stratified?
it has 3 cell types of various heights
50
What are the 3 types of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
goblet cells, ciliated columnar cells, and basal cells
51
Which type of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a modified columnar cell, produces mucus, and is an important part of respiration?
Goblet cells
52
Which type of psudostratified columnar epithelium contains cilia anchored to athe apex by basal bodies?
Ciliated Columnar cells
53
What is the function of ciliated columnar cells?
to move mucus over the surface
54
What type of cell functions as the stem cell for ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, is shaped like a short pyramid and does not reach the surface?
Basal Cells
55
What are microvilli?
finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells; also called a brush border or a striated border
56
What is the function of microvilli?
to increase surface area thus increasing absorption
57
Where are microvilli located?
kidney tubule cells and small intestine
58
What are stereocilia?
extremely long microvilli; not related to true cilia
59
where can stereocilia be found?
epididymis and cochlear hair cells
60
What is the term for thin apical hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton that function to move something over the surface?
cilia
61
T/F: cells with cilia have very few mitochondria.
False; they have many
62
Can cells with cilia secrete or absorb things? why or why not?
No, the basal bodies block the free surface
63
Where can cells with cilia be found?
trachea and fallopian tube
64
What is glycocalyx?
surface layer of glycoproteins and carbohydrates that covers some epithelium
65
What produces glycocalyx?
epithelial cells
66
What are the functions of the glycocalyx?
protection and cell recognition
67
Where can you find glycocalyx?
stomach and SI

Organ Histo (7 decks)

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