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Organ Histo > Chap 1 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 general function of epithelium?

A

absorption, secretion and providing a barrier

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2
Q

What are the 3 specialized functions of epithelium?

A

transport molecules across epi, selective permeability, and sensory

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3
Q

T/F: epithelial cells being adjacent to each other is a characteristic shared among all types of epithelium.

A

True

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4
Q

What are the two types of basement membranes that epithelial cells are associated with?

A

either complete or partial basement membranes

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5
Q

What are the parts of a complete basement membrane?

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

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6
Q

What are the parts of a partial basement membrane?

A

basal lamina only

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7
Q

What produces the basal lamina?

A

epithelial cells

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8
Q

What produces the reticular lamina?

A

fibroblasts in connective tissue

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9
Q

What are the 3 main functions of a basement membrane?

A

provides a surface for epithelial cell attachment, molecular filter, and limits stretch

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10
Q

T/F: collagen I fibers can stretch.

A

false; this how basement membranes limit stretch

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11
Q

T/F: epithelium is directly supplied by blood vessels.

A

False; epithelium is avascular and cells obtain nutrition by diffusion

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12
Q

What are the 2 functions of CT?

A

provides nutrition and source of defensive cells

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13
Q

What are epithelial cells held together by?

A

cell junctions

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14
Q

What are the 4 types of cell junctions?

A

Zonula Occludens, Zonula Adherens, Macula Adherens, and Gap Junctions

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15
Q

Which type of cell junction is considered a tight junction?

A

Zonula Occludens

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16
Q

Which type of cell junction involves sharing of intrinsic membrane proteins between adjacent cells?

A

Zonula Occludens

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17
Q

What are the two functions of the Zonula Occludens?

A

Provide strong attachment and prevent passage of material between cells

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18
Q

Which type of cell junction can be considered and adhesion belt?

A

Zonula Adherens

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19
Q

Which type of cell junction consists of cadherins and marginal bands?

A

Zonula Adherens

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20
Q

What are cadherins?

A

Linkage proteins between cells

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21
Q

What are marginal bands?

A

microfilaments which attach the cytoskeleton to the cell membrane

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22
Q

What are the two functions of the Zonula Adherens?

A

strong attachment function and provide cell structural stability

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23
Q

Which cell junction is essentialy just desmosomes?

A

Macula Adherens

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24
Q

What is the function of the macula adherens?>

A

strong attachment

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25
Q

Which type of cell junction consists of six connexins arranged in a cylinder?

A

Gap junctions

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26
Q

What are connexins?

A

proteins; a complete structure

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27
Q

What are the 2 functions of Gap Junctions?

A

strong attachment, and transport materials

28
Q

Which types of cell junctions function is providing a strong attachment?

A

All 4

29
Q

What is the Junctional Complex?

A

Zona Occludens, Zona Adherens, and Macula Adherens

30
Q

Hemidesmosomes and focal point contacts are junctions that do what?

A

hold the epithelium to the basement membrane and the CT below

31
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

Essentially, half of a desmosome; help to connect epithelial cells to the basal lamina

32
Q

What are focal point contacts?

A

The area where Integrin (a transmembrane protein of the cell membrane) binds to structural CT glycoproteins and also connects to cytoskeleton

33
Q

What is Bullous pemphigold?

A

an autoimmune skin disease causing large blistering lesions that burst, but do heal

34
Q

What causes Bullous pemphigold?

A

antibodies bind to some proteins in hemidesmosomes

35
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

epithelium that is a single cell thick

36
Q

What are the 4 different types of simple epithelium?

A

Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Simple Columnar, and ciliated pseudostratified columnar (respiratory epithelium)

37
Q

Where is simple squamous found?

A

lung, parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule in the kidney, and serosa on the outside of organs

38
Q

What kind of simple epithelium can be described as a single layer of flattened cells?

A

simple squamous

39
Q

What are the 2 functions of simple squamous?

A

provide a barrier and provide a living filter

40
Q

What kind of simple epithelium can be found in exocrine ducts, thyroid follicular cells, and kidney tubules?

A

Simple Cuboidal

41
Q

Which type of simple epithelium can be described as a single layer of cube shaped cells where the nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasm and typically looks like a square when sectioned for a slide?

A

simple cuboidal

42
Q

What are the 3 main functions of simple cuboidal?

A

provides a barrier, secretion, and absorption

43
Q

What types of simple epithelium function in both secretion and absorption?

A

simple cuboidal and simple columnar

44
Q

Which types of simple epithelium function in providing a barrier?

A

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, and simple columnar

45
Q

Which type of simple epithelium can be found in the gallbladder and larger exocrine ducts.

A

Simple columnar; can also be found in stomach and SI

46
Q

Which type of simple endothelium typically looks rectangular when sectioned for a slide?

A

simple columnar

47
Q

What are the 3 functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A

barrier, secretion, and absorption

48
Q

Which type of simple epithelium can be found in the trachea, nasal cavity and bronchi?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

49
Q

Why does ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium sometimes appear stratified?

A

it has 3 cell types of various heights

50
Q

What are the 3 types of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

goblet cells, ciliated columnar cells, and basal cells

51
Q

Which type of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a modified columnar cell, produces mucus, and is an important part of respiration?

A

Goblet cells

52
Q

Which type of psudostratified columnar epithelium contains cilia anchored to athe apex by basal bodies?

A

Ciliated Columnar cells

53
Q

What is the function of ciliated columnar cells?

A

to move mucus over the surface

54
Q

What type of cell functions as the stem cell for ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, is shaped like a short pyramid and does not reach the surface?

A

Basal Cells

55
Q

What are microvilli?

A

finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells; also called a brush border or a striated border

56
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

to increase surface area thus increasing absorption

57
Q

Where are microvilli located?

A

kidney tubule cells and small intestine

58
Q

What are stereocilia?

A

extremely long microvilli; not related to true cilia

59
Q

where can stereocilia be found?

A

epididymis and cochlear hair cells

60
Q

What is the term for thin apical hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton that function to move something over the surface?

A

cilia

61
Q

T/F: cells with cilia have very few mitochondria.

A

False; they have many

62
Q

Can cells with cilia secrete or absorb things? why or why not?

A

No, the basal bodies block the free surface

63
Q

Where can cells with cilia be found?

A

trachea and fallopian tube

64
Q

What is glycocalyx?

A

surface layer of glycoproteins and carbohydrates that covers some epithelium

65
Q

What produces glycocalyx?

A

epithelial cells

66
Q

What are the functions of the glycocalyx?

A

protection and cell recognition

67
Q

Where can you find glycocalyx?

A

stomach and SI

Organ Histo (7 decks)

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