Chap 3 Cell-2

Question 1

osmosis=

Answer 1

selectively permeable

Question 2

cetrioles=

Answer 2

• microtubule triplet (x9)
• a small cylindrical organelle
• centrosome (zone of cytoplasm) has 2 centrioles.
• before cell division, two centrioles double in number; the centrosome divides into two.

Question 3

P-MAT : kinecytosis to next start

Answer 3

Prophase=
Metaphase=
Anaphase=
Telophase=

Question 4

cytoskeleton is composed of:

Answer 4

• microtubules
• actin filaments
• intermediate filaments =10nm in diameter, support extension of nerve cells. can be up to a meter.

Question 5

codon=

Answer 5

specifies amino acid during translation.

• code for amino acid or stop
• a three-base sequence of mRNA
• complementary to an anticodon

Question 6

marker molecule=

Answer 6

allows for cellular identification

Question 7

receptor proteins=

Answer 7

provides sites to which chemical messengers bind.

Question 8

transport proteins=

Answer 8

allows ions and molecules to pass through the plasma membrane.

Question 9

attachment proteins=

Answer 9

anchors on cell to another

Question 10

enzymes=

Answer 10

increase rate of chemical reactions near the surface of plasma membrane

Question 11

translation of mRNA to produce a protein:

P.90 steps

Answer 11

1. ribosome binds to mRNA.
2. tRNA anticodon binds to a complementary mRNA codon.
3. a new amino acid is linked to the growing peptide chain.
4. tRNA is released from the ribosome and is available to pick up another amino acid.

Question 12

DNA resides:

Answer 12

in the nucleus

Question 13

RNA carries:

Answer 13

information from nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 14

viscosity=

Answer 14

measure of fluid’s resistance; thick, sticky

Question 15

transcription=

Answer 15

DNA to mRNA

Question 16

translation=

Answer 16

mRNA and polypeptide

Question 17

tRNA=

Answer 17

carries amino acids to the surface of the ribosome

Question 18

mRNA=

Answer 18

copy of the information stored in the DNA

Question 19

rRNA=

Answer 19

when combined with protein forms ribosomes.

Question 20

centrioles=
structure:
function:

Answer 20

pair of cylindrical organelles consisting triplets of parallel microtubules.
serve as center for microtubule formation; determine cell polarity during cell division; form the basal bodies of cilia and flagella.

Question 21

diffusion=

Answer 21

lipid soluble

Question 22

osmosis=

Answer 22

water

Question 23

facilitated diffusion=

Answer 23

large, polar molecules

no-ATP. higher to lower.

Question 24

organelles

Answer 24

specialized work task (metabolize)

Question 25

chemical signal binds to receptor = G protein complex

Answer 25

1. receptor associated with G protein complex. 2. alpha submit of G protein attaches to GTP. 3. G protein complex separates from the receptor. 4. alpha subunit separates from the G protein complex. 5. alpha subunit stimulates a cell response.

Question 26

active transport= | movement of substances

Answer 26

areas of lower to higher concentration with ATP pump

Question 27

secondary active transport= | movement of substances

Answer 27

lower to higher concentration along with an ion that moves from higher to lower concentration. Both substances pass through the same carrier protein at the same time. ATP is required.

Question 28

vesicular transport=

Answer 28

movement of material into or out of a cell using a vesicle and ATP.

Question 29

attachment proteins=

Answer 29

- one cell to another cell - cells to intracellular materials - cells to extra cellular materials

Question 30

fluid-mosaic model= | neither rigid nor static, but highly flexible.

Answer 30

plasma membrane

Question 31

transcription of DNA=

Answer 31

1. section of DNA unwinds and its complementary strands separate. 2. a complementary strand of messenger RNA is created using DNA as a template. 3. DNA reforms hydrogen bonds between bases and rewinds, becoming a double helix.