Chap 2. Chemical basis 2

Question 1

Structure two or more atoms chemically bond to one another =

Answer 1

molecules

Question 2

chemical reaction=

Answer 2

process of covalent or ionic bond is broken or formed

Question 3

small molecules combined form larger=

Answer 3

synthesis

Question 4

solution can be mixture of:

Answer 4

solids, liquids, and gas

Question 5

solution with pH7.0=

Answer 5

neutral solution

Question 6

pH scale=

Answer 6

hydrogen ion concentration in solution

Question 7

clinical condition blood pH below 7.35=

Answer 7

acidosis ( alkalosis)

Question 8

buffers=

Answer 8

resists changes in pH

Question 9

O2 in human body=

Answer 9

extract energy (ATP) from food molecules

Question 10

glucose molecules=

Answer 10

C6 H12 O6

after metabolized, CO2 (carnbondioxide) is formed as a waste product.

Question 11

Polar=

Answer 11

electo negative (electron grabbers)
oxygen + H = H2O

Question 12

non-polar=

Answer 12

atoms in the molecule share their electrons equally

Question 13

lactose=

Answer 13

disaccharide (2)

Question 14

deoxyribose=

Answer 14

monosaccharide

Question 15

starch=

Answer 15

polysaccharide

Question 16

ATP=

Answer 16

adenosin triphosphate

=covalent bonds

Question 17

water stabilize body temperature by:

Answer 17

• evaporating from surface of body

- absorbing large amounts of heat

Question 18

Weak attraction between positive region of a hydrogen and negative region of another molecule is=

Answer 18

hydrogen bond

+ oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine

Question 19

catalysts=

Answer 19

substances increase the rate of chemical reactions

Question 20

chemical reaction=

Answer 20

form or break chemical bond.

• substance=reactants
• result=products

Question 21

glycin=

P.46

Answer 21

simplest amino acid. =H2

side chain is a hydrogen atom.

Question 22

triglycerides=

Answer 22

95% of fats in human body.
two building blocks:
1=glycerol
3-fatty acids

Question 23

mixture VS

Answer 23

solution

Question 24

suffix: ase=

lipase, protease

Answer 24

enzymes

Question 25

adhesion=

Answer 25

water attract other molecules (other than water)

Question 26

96% of body weight=

Answer 26

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen

Question 27

carbohydrate=

Answer 27

1. serves as energy source 2. forms cell membrane structure 3. provides bulk in feces

Question 28

force due to sharing or transfer of electrons=

Answer 28

chemical bond (ionic & covalent)

Question 29

atomic number=

Answer 29

proton proton=electron proton =

Question 30

breakdown of ATP=

Answer 30

1. open up terminal gate 2. produce heat energy 3. produce energy

Question 31

triglyceride molecule= | P.43

Answer 31

see P.43 memorise

Question 32

a change in three dimensional conformation of a protein that destroys its functional properties is=

Answer 32

denaturation

Question 33

substance that is necessary for many chemical reactions in the body=

Answer 33

water

Question 34

phosphlipid (tail) carbon chain region=

Answer 34

nonpolar=hydrophobic fatty acid

Question 35

proteins= chemical reaction is reversible.

Answer 35

1. transport in blood 2. receptors on cell's surface 3. catalyze chemical reaction (enzyme)

Question 36

DNA & RNA has building blocks=

Answer 36

nucleotides

Question 37

nucleotides is composed of =

Answer 37

- a monosaccharide - phosphate group - nitrogenous base.

Question 38

lipids =

Answer 38

=phospholipids =prostaglandins (=potent chemical signals=fatty acid) =fatty acids =steroids

Question 39

covalent bond=

Answer 39

atoms share one or more pair of electrons.

Question 40

solution pH 7.0=

Answer 40

neutral

Question 41

monosaccharides=

Answer 41

``` =deoxyribose =simple sugar =ribose (5 chain) =glucose (isomers) =fructose (isomers) =galactose (isomers) ```

Question 42

disaccharides=

Answer 42

=sucrose (table sugar) =lactose =maltose

Question 43

polysaccharides=

Answer 43

=glycogen (animal starch) storage molecule

Question 44

building block: | proteins=

Answer 44

amino acids

Question 45

building block: | carbohydrates=

Answer 45

monosaccharides

Question 46

building block: | nucleic acids=

Answer 46

nucleotides

Question 47

building block: | triglycerides=

Answer 47

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 48

building block=

Answer 48

- proteins =amino acids - carbohydrates=monosaccharides - nucleic acids =nucleotides - triglycerides =glycerol and fatty acids

Question 49

monosaccharides = | P.41

Answer 49

(see picture)

Question 50

acid=

Answer 50

proton donor

Question 51

osmosis=

Answer 51

selectively permeable