Chap 2.Chemical Basis

Question 1

protons and neutrons form:

Answer 1

nucleus (at the center of atom)

Question 2

atomic number of an element is equal to:

Answer 2

the number of protons, also the number of electrons.

Question 3

mass number is:

Answer 3

the number of protons plus number of neutrons.

Question 4

isotopes are :

3 types of hydrogen:

Answer 4

two or more forms of same element with same number of protons and electrons, but different neutron number.
Hydrogen(1H), Deuterium(2H), Tritium (3H)

Question 5

most of volume of atom occupied by:

Answer 5

electrons

Question 6

mass

Answer 6

the amount of matter in an object

Question 7

weight

Answer 7

the gravitational force acting on an object of given mass

Question 8

ion

Answer 8

atom loses or gains electrons and become charged

Question 9

cation

Answer 9

positively charged ion

Question 10

anion

Answer 10

negatively charged ion

Question 11

ionic bonding

Answer 11

cations and anions are attracted to each other: NaCl sodium chloride

Question 12

covalent bonding

Answer 12

atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
single covalent: electron pair between 2 atoms
double covalent: two atoms share 4 electrons

Question 13

nonpolar covalent

Answer 13

electrons shared equally: Methane

Question 14

polar covalent

Answer 14

electrons not shared equally: H2O water

Question 15

molecule

Answer 15

two or more atoms chemically combined to form a structure that is an independent unit : water

Question 16

compound

Answer 16

chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms: NaCl=salt

Question 17

Hydrogen bond

Answer 17

oppositely charged ends of one polar molecule attract to another polar molecule holds together: water molecules

Question 18

solubility

Answer 18

ability of one substance to dissolve in another: sugar dissolves in water

Question 19

dissociate or separate

Answer 19

cations are attracted to negative end, anoins are attracted to positive end of water molecules

Question 20

electrolytes

Answer 20

cations and anions dissociate in water; they have the capacity to conduct an electric current = flow of charged particles

Question 21

nonelectrolytes

Answer 21

molecules do not dissociate form solutions that do not conduct electricity

Question 22

anabolism

Answer 22

growth, maintenance, repair of the body synthesis reactions

Question 23

catabolism

Answer 23

decomposition reactions: hydrolysis = reactions use water

Question 24

synthesis reaction

Answer 24

tow or more reactions chemically combine to form a new larger product: two amino acid combine to form a dipeptide + water = dehydration

Question 25

decomposition reaction

Answer 25

reverse od synthesis reactions = catabolism: decomposition in body

Question 26

metabolism

Answer 26

all the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body

Question 27

oxidation

Answer 27

loss of an electron by an atom

Question 28

reduction

Answer 28

gain of an electron by an atom

Question 29

oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 29

one atom partially or completely loses an electron and another atom gains that electron: can be "synthesis and decomposition reactions"

Question 30

Energy

Answer 30

capacity to do work

Question 31

potential energy

Answer 31

stored energy

Question 32

kinetic energy

Answer 32

does work and moves matter

Question 33

mechanical energy

Answer 33

energy resulting from the position or movement of objects

Question 34

chemical energy

Answer 34

potential energy stored within its chemical bonds of substance

Question 35

heat energy

Answer 35

flows between objects of different temperatures

Question 36

activation energy

Answer 36

minimum energy reactants must have to start a chemical reaction

Question 37

catalysts

Answer 37

substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being permanently changed or depleted

Question 38

enzymes

Answer 38

increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy necessary for reaction to begin

Question 39

Atomic number = proton(+) =

Answer 39

Electron (-)

Question 40

Atomic weight - proton =

Answer 40

= neutron