CHAP 26 - ILLNESS THAT OCCUR IN NEWBORNS Flashcards
HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
RDS
OTHER CAUSES OF RDS
MAS, SEPSIS, SLOW TRANSITION TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE, PNEUMONIA
CAUSE OF RDS
LOW LEVEL OR ABSENCE OF SURFACTANTS
a newborn may have a rapid rate of respirations, up to 80
breaths per minute when crying, caused by retained lung
fluid.
TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA OF THE NEWBORN
meconium is present on the fetal bowel as early as 10
weeks of gestation. If hypoxia occurs, a vagus reflex is
stimulated, resulting in relaxation of the rectal sphincter.
MAS
Is a sudden unexplained death in infancy.
SIDS
Is a cessation in respirations lasting longer than 20
seconds, sometimes accompanied by bradycardia
and/or cyanosis.
Fatigue or the immaturity of their respiratory
mechanisms.
APNEA
is characterized by a noticeable color change, some degree
of apnea, and decreased tone
APPARENT LIFE-THREATENING EVENT
Is the result of ischemia of the white matter of the
brain.
It is caused by an anoxic episode that interferes with
circulation to a portion of the brain.
Phagocytes and macrophages invade the area to clear
away necrotic tissue.
Hollow space
PERIVENTRICULAR LEUKOMALACIA (PVL)
if the birthing parent’s blood type is Rh-negative and the
fetal blood type is Rh-positive, this introduction of fetal blood
causes sensitization to occur and the parent begin to form
antibodies against the specific antigen (most commonly the D
antigen).
RH INCOMPATIBILITY
the maternal blood type is O and the fetal blood type is
either A or B.
ABO INCOMPATIBILITY
ASSESSMENT
INDIRECT COOMBS TEST
POSITIVE DIRECT COOMBS TEST
Rh incompatibility of the
newborn can be predicted by finding a rising anti-Rh
titer or a rising level of antibodies in a birthing parent
during pregnancy.
INDIRECT COOMBS TEST
is a phenomenon that can occur if twins are monozygotic
(identical; share the same placenta) and abnormal
arteriovenous shunts occur that direct more blood to one
twin than the other.
TWIN-TO-TWIN TRANSFUSION
hemolysis can become a problem with a first pregnancy in
which there is an ABO incompatibility because the antibodies
to A and B cell types are naturally occurring antibodies or are
present from birth in anyone whose red cells lack these
antigens.
ABO INCOMPATIBILITY
it can be confirmed by
detecting antibodies on the fetal erythrocytes in cord
blood by percutaneous umbilical cord sampling or at
birth.
POSITIVE DIRECT COOMBS TEST
- the bowel develops necrotic patches, interfering with
digestion and possibly leading to a paralytic ileus, perforation,
and peritonitis, - it occurs because of anoxia to the bowel and so may result
as a complication of exchange transfusion or an episode of
breathing difficulty.
NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
an acquired ocular disease that leads to partial or total
blindness in children, is caused by vasoconstriction of
immature retinal blood vessels.
- causative agent: high concentration of oxygen has been
established.
RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
5 TYPES OF ANTIBODIES
ADEGM
