23 - PLACENTA AND CORD Flashcards
is a placenta that has one or more accessory lobes connected to the main placenta by blood vessels.
Placenta Succenturiata
the chorion membrane begins at the edge of the placenta and spreads to envelop the fetus; no chorion covers the fetal side of the placenta.
Placenta Circumvallata
the fold of chorion reaches just to the edge of the placenta.
Placenta Marginata
- cord is inserted marginally rather than centrally
Battledore Placenta
the cord, instead of entering the placenta directly, separates into small vessels that reach the placenta by spreading across a fold of amnion.
Velamentous Insertion of the Cord
the vessels of a velamentous cord inserted cross the cervical os and therefore deliver before the fetus.
Vasa Previa
unusually deep attachment of the placenta to the uterine myometrium, so deep that the placenta will not loosen and deliver.
Placenta Accreta
Two-Vessel Cord
Unusual Cord Length
Two-Vessel Cord
Unusual Cord Length
the addition of a sterile fluid into the uterus to supplement the amniotic fluid and reduce compression on the cord.
Amnioinfusion
PAS
ACCRETA - DEEP
INCRETA - UTERINE MUSCLE
PRECRETA - INVADING THE BLADDER AND SURROUNDING ORGANS
occurs when amniotic fluid is forced into an open maternal uterine blood sinus.
Amniotic fluid embolism
assisting labor that has started spontaneously but is not effective.
Augmentation of labor
he turning of a fetus from a breech to a cephalic position before birth.
EXTERNAL CEPHALIC VERSION
a time-honored term to denote sluggishness of contractions, or that the force of labor, is less than usual.
DYSFUNCTIONAL LABOR
difficult labor & delivery due to inefficient uterine contractions, fetal size or position or pelvic abnormalities.
DYSTOCIA
marked by an increase in resting tone to more than 15 mmHg.
HYPERTONIC UTERINE CONTRACTION
the number of contractions is unusually infrequent.
Hypotonic uterine contraction
labor is started artificially.
INDUCTION OF LABOR
(a posterior pituitary hormone), estrogen, progesterone, and prostaglandins.
OXYTOCIN
pregnancies with two or more fetuses.
MULTIPLE GESTATION
an unusually deep attachment of the placenta to the uterine myometrium, so deep that the placenta will not loosen and deliver.
PLACENTA ACCRETA
fetal side of the placenta is covered to some extent with chorion
PLACENTA CIRCUMVALLATA
the cord is inserted marginally rather than centrally.
PLACENTA MARGINATA
- a placenta that has one or more accessory lobes connected to the main placenta by blood vessels.
Placenta succenturiata
- a loop of the umbilical cord slips down in front of the presenting fetal part.
Umbilical cord prolapse
can be predicted from a labor graph if, during the active phase of dilatation, the rate is greater than 5 cm/hr (1 cm every 12 minutes) in a nullipara or 10 cm/hr (1 cm every 6 minutes) in a multipara.
Precipitate labor
refers to the uterus turning inside out with either birth of the fetus or delivery of the placenta.
UTERINE INVERSION
used on a fetus, if positioned far enough down the birth canal.
Vacuum extraction
