5 - CESAREAN Flashcards
a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through an incision made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. It is typically performed when a vaginal delivery would pose risks to the mother or baby.
CESAREAN
A procedure where the amniotic sac is artificially ruptured to induce or accelerate labor.
AMNIOTOMY
A tear that occurs in the perineum during childbirth, which can vary in severity from first to fourth degree.
PERINEAL LACERATION
A surgical cut made in the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening during childbirth, often performed to prevent tearing.
EPISIOTOMY
The specific steps and techniques involved in performing a cesarean section, including incision, delivery, and closure.
PROCEDURE
Maternal characteristics or medical conditions that may influence the decision to perform a cesarean, such as obesity or previous cesarean deliveries.
PREGNANT PT FACTORS
The delivery of a baby through a surgical incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus, typically performed when vaginal delivery poses risks.
CESAREAN BIRTH
The surgical operation itself that results in a cesarean birth, often referred to simply as “C-section.”
CESAREAN SECTION
Conditions related to the placenta, such as placenta previa (placenta covering the cervix) or placental abruption (premature separation from the uterus), that may necessitate a cesarean.
PLACENTAL FACTORS
Fetal factors (6): Conditions affecting the fetus that may require cesarean delivery, including:
Fetal distress: Indications of compromised fetal well-being.
Malpresentation: Abnormal positioning of the fetus, such as breech or transverse lie.
Multiple gestation: The presence of more than one fetus, which can complicate delivery.
Macrosomia: A condition where the fetus is significantly larger than average, increasing delivery risks.
Congenital anomalies: Birth defects that may complicate delivery.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): A condition where the fetus is not growing adequately in the womb, potentially leading to complications.
EFFECTS - 5
Potential complications for mother: Risks such as hemorrhage, infection, or injury to surrounding organs.
Risk of infection: Increased likelihood of postoperative infections due to the surgical nature of the procedure.
Longer recovery time: Extended healing period compared to vaginal delivery, often requiring more hospital stay.
Impact on future pregnancies: Possible complications in subsequent pregnancies, including uterine rupture or increased risk of placenta previa.
Emotional and psychological effects: Feelings of disappointment, anxiety, or trauma related to the surgical birth experience.
NURSING CARE
PRE-OPERATIVE INTERVIEW
OPERATIVE RISK
DRUGS
PRE OP DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
PRE OP TEACHING
IMMEDIATE PRE OP CARE MEASURES
Preoperative interview (4): Key discussions and assessments conducted before surgery, including:
Medical history: Review of the patient’s past medical and surgical history.
Current medications: Assessment of any medications the patient is currently taking.
Allergies: Identification of any known allergies to medications or materials.
Support system: Understanding the patient’s support network for post-operative care.
Operative risks: Potential risks associated with the surgical procedure, including:
Infection: Risk of postoperative infections at the incision site.
Hemorrhage: Potential for excessive bleeding during or after surgery.
Anesthesia complications: Risks related to the administration of anesthesia.
Injury to surrounding organs: Possibility of damage to nearby structures during surgery.
Thromboembolism: Risk of blood clots forming due to immobility during recovery.
DRUGS
Drugs: Medications administered during the procedure, including:
Antibiotics: To prevent postoperative infections.
Analgesics: Pain relief medications to manage discomfort.
Anesthetics: Drugs used to induce anesthesia for the surgery.
Antiemetics: Medications to prevent nausea and vomiting during and after the procedure.
Oxytocin (if needed): Hormone administered post-delivery to stimulate uterine contractions.
Tests performed to assess the health of the mother and fetus before surgery, such as ultrasound and blood tests.
Preoperative diagnostic procedure
Actions taken just before surgery, including monitoring vital signs, ensuring IV access, and preparing the surgical site.
IMMEDIATE PRE OP CARE MEASURES
Informing the patient about the procedure, potential risks, and what to expect during recovery.
PRE OP TEACHING
CLASSIC
BIKINI
Advantages:
Cosmetic appearance: The bikini incision is less visible and more aesthetically pleasing.
Less postoperative pain: May result in reduced discomfort compared to other incision types.
Disadvantages:
Potential for more complications: Risk of issues such as infection or delayed healing.
Longer incision healing time: May take more time for the incision to fully heal compared to other methods.
Advantages:
Cosmetic appearance: The bikini incision is less visible and more aesthetically pleasing.
Less postoperative pain: May result in reduced discomfort compared to other incision types.
Disadvantages:
Potential for more complications: Risk of issues such as infection or delayed healing.
Longer incision healing time: May take more time for the incision to fully heal compared to other methods.
Intraoperative care nursing (7)
Positioning of the patient: Ensuring the mother is positioned correctly for optimal access during the cesarean procedure.
Monitoring vital signs continuously: Keeping track of the mother’s heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation throughout the surgery.
Assisting with anesthesia administration: Supporting the anesthesiologist in delivering anesthesia to the patient.
Surgical site preparation: Cleaning and draping the surgical area to maintain sterility and prevent infection.
Instrument count before and after surgery: Verifying that all surgical instruments are accounted for to prevent retention in the body.
Communication with surgical team: Ensuring clear and effective communication among all team members during the procedure.
Documentation of the procedure: Recording details of the surgery, including the time, medications used, and any complications encountered.
Indications for cesarean delivery: Medical reasons that justify the need for a cesarean section.
Types of cesarean sections: Variations in surgical techniques used for cesarean delivery.
Postoperative care and monitoring: Care provided to the mother after the surgery to ensure recovery.
CESAREAN BIRTH
Signs, indicators of possible h.
Abnormal fetal heart rate: Changes in the fetal heart rate that may indicate distress.
Maternal distress: Signs of discomfort or complications in the mother that may necessitate surgical intervention.
Signs, indicators of possible h.
Abnormal fetal heart rate: Changes in the fetal heart rate that may indicate distress.
Maternal distress: Signs of discomfort or complications in the mother that may necessitate surgical intervention.
Discharge planning
Education on wound care: Instructions for caring for the surgical incision to prevent infection.
Signs of infection to watch for: Symptoms such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge from the incision site.
Follow-up appointments: Scheduling necessary visits for monitoring recovery and addressing any concerns.
Discharge planning
Education on wound care: Instructions for caring for the surgical incision to prevent infection.
Signs of infection to watch for: Symptoms such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge from the incision site.
Follow-up appointments: Scheduling necessary visits for monitoring recovery and addressing any concerns.
Measures to regain energy
Adequate rest: Encouraging the mother to rest and recover after surgery.
Nutrition and hydration: Emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet and staying hydrated to support healing.
Gradual increase in activity level: Advising the mother to slowly resume normal activities as tolerated to regain strength.
Measures to regain energy
Adequate rest: Encouraging the mother to rest and recover after surgery.
Nutrition and hydration: Emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet and staying hydrated to support healing.
Gradual increase in activity level: Advising the mother to slowly resume normal activities as tolerated to regain strength.
