Chap 22 - Psychiatry Textbook Flashcards
amnesia
loss of memory
anxiety
Varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations.
apathy
Absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation.
compulsion
Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly.
conversion
Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis.
delusion
Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.
dissociation
Uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real object. In order to avoid mental distress, the feelings are redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern.
dysphoria
Sadness, hopelessness; depressive mood, or feeling “low.”
euphoria
Exaggerated feeling of well-being (“high”).
hallucination
False sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things).
illusion
false perception of an actual sensory stimulus.
labile
Variable; undergoing rapid emotional change.
mania
Elation or irritability, associated with distractibility, hyperactivity, talkativeness, injudicious acts, flight of ideas, and racing thoughts.
mutism
Non-reactive state with inability to speak.
obsession
An involuntary, persistent idea or emotion; the suffix -mania indicates a strong obsession with something.
paranoia
Overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.
antisocial
No loyalty to or concern for others, and without moral standards; acts only in response to desires and impulses; cannot tolerate frustration and blames others when he or she is at fault
borderline
Instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self; characterized by alternating involvement with and rejection of people. Frantic efforts are made to avoid real or imagined abandonment.
histrionic
Emotional, attention-seeking, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and tantrums; flamboyant and theatrical; having general dissatisfaction with the self and angry feelings about the world.
narcissistic
rare- low self-esteem by developing a superficial sense of perfection and behavior that shows a need for constant admiration.
Narcissism
pervasive interest in the self with a lack of empathy for others
paranoid
Continually suspicious and mistrustful of other people but not to a psychotic or delusional degree
schizoid
loner, lack of social interaction
exhibitionism
Compulsive need to expose one’s body, particularly the genitals, to an unsuspecting stranger.
fetishism
The use of nonliving objects (articles of clothing) as substitutes for a human sexual love object.
pedophilia
Sexual urges and fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (age 13 or younger).
sexual masochism
Sexual gratification is gained by being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer by another person.
sexual sadism
Sexual gratification is gained by inflicting physical or psychological pain or humiliation on others.
transvestic fetishism
Cross-dressing; wearing clothing of the opposite sex. This disorder has been described in heterosexual males who have intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing.
voyeurism
Sexual excitement is achieved by observing unsuspecting people who are naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity.
affect
External expression of emotion, or emotional response
anorexia nervosa
refusal to maintain body weight, conscious relentless attempt to diet, excessive over activity and exercise
anxiety disorders
Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior
Ex - panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder
apathy
Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement.
autism
Pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior
bipolar disorder
Mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression.
bulimia nervosa
binge and purge eating using vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas, depression
cannabis
Plant substance from which marijuana is made
compulsion
Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
conversion disorder
Repressed conflicts expressed as physical symptoms
defense mechanism
Unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety.
It protects the individual against anxiety and stress; examples are acting out, denial, and repression.
delirium
Confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, and fearfulness. This is usually a reversible impairment in thinking
delirium tremens
associated with alcohol withdrawal
dementia
Loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.
depression
Major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts
dissociative disorder
Chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, identity, or consciousness
ego
Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind.
fugue
Flight from customary surroundings; dissociative disorder
gender identity disorder
Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex.
id
Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires.
mood disorder
Prolonged emotion dominates a person’s life
Ex - bipolar and
depressive disorders.
obsessive-compulsive
disorder
Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior.
paraphilia
Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations.
personality disorders
Lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning.
pervasive developmental
disorders
Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples.
phobia
Irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation.
post-traumatic stress
disorder
Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event.
projective (personality) test
Diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality.
psychiatrist
Physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders
psychologist
Nonmedical professional (often a PhD or an EdD) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease
psychosis
A disorder marked by loss of contact with reality often associated with delusions and hallucinations.
reality testing
Psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychosis.
repression
Defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out of awareness.
schizophrenia
Chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations,
disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative.
sexual disorder
Paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions.
somatoform disorder
Presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder such as depression.
substance-related disorder
Regular overuse of psychoactive substances (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedatives) that affect the central nervous system.
superego
Internalized conscience and moral aspect of the personality.
amphetamines
Central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression.
atypical antipsychotics
Drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior (schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and other mental illness).
benzodiazepines
Drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks.
cognitive behavioral therapy
Focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts.
Conditioning (changing behavior patterns by training and repetition) is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness.
electroconvulsive therapy
Electric current is used to produce convulsions and loss of
consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable.
family therapy
Treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts.
free association
Psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind.
group therapy
Group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other.
hypnosis
Induced trance (state of altered consciousness).
insight-oriented therapy
Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings. The patient tells his or her story and has the opportunity to connect emotional patterns in his or her life history with present concerns. Also called psychodynamic therapy.
lithium
Medication used to treat the manic stage of bipolar illness.
neuroleptic drug
Any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms.
Ex - phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
phenothiazines
Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs
play therapy
Treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings that cannot be communicated in a direct manner.
psychoanalysis
Treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior.
psychodrama
Group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients.
psychopharmacology
Treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs.
sedatives
Drugs that lessen anxiety.
supportive psychotherapy
Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events.
transference
Psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure.
tricyclic antidepressants
Drugs used to treat severe depression; three-ringed fused structure.
iatr/o
treatment
ment/o
mind
neur/o
nerve
phil/o
attraction to , love
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
schiz/o
spilt
somat/o
body
-genic
produced by
-leptic
to seize hold of
-mania
obsessive preoccupation
-phobia
fear (irrational and often disabling)
-phoria
feeling, bearing
-thymia
mind
a-, an-
no, not
cata-
down
hypo-
deficient, less than, below
para-
abnormal
psychiatry
branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness.
Forensic Psychiatrist
Deal with legal aspects of psychiatry
Clinical psychologist
Master’s
Psychoanalysis
Analysis of present problem
Tools used by Clinical Psychologists
- Psychotherapy
- Psychoanalysis
- Intelligence tests
- Mental processing tests
- Memory tests
- Personality tests
Sigmund Freud and personality structure:
Id - Unconcious
Ego - Central coordinating branch of the personality
Superego - Internalized
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings
Dissociative identity disorder
two personalities take over
dissociative amnesia
memory loss of personal info
dissociative fugue
sudden unexpected travel
Cyclothymic disorder
mild bipolar with at least 2 years of hypomania and numerous depressive episodes
Depressive disorder
major depression, severe dysphoria
Dysthymia (dysthymic disorder)
depressive disorder involving depressed mood (feeling sad or “down in the dumps”) that persists over a 2-year period but is not as severe as major depression.
No psychotic features (delusions, hallucinations, incoherent thinking) as are sometimes found in major depression.
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
change from depression to mania or hypomania also may occur within a 60-day period from mid- February to mid-April.
Hypochondriasis
Preoccupation with bodily aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness
Psychological dependence
Compulsion to take a drug despite adverse consequences
Physiologic dependence
Withdrawal when the drug is abruptly discontinued
substances assoc w/ abuse
- Alcohol
- Amphetamines
- Cannabis (marijuana)
- Cocaine
- Hallucinogens
- Opioids
- Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
psychotherapy
Tx
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) Family therapy Group therapy Hypnosis Insight-oriented psychotherapy Play therapy Psychoanalysis Sex therapy Supportive psychotherapy
severe dysphoric mood
major depression
Hypomania
mood resembling mania, but of lesser intensity
Agoraphobia
fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be available, or of going out alone in “unsafe” places.
