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Med Term - Exam 5 > Chap 22 - Psychiatry Textbook > Flashcards

Chap 22 - Psychiatry Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

amnesia

A

loss of memory

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2
Q

anxiety

A

Varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensations.

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3
Q

apathy

A

Absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation.

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4
Q

compulsion

A

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly.

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5
Q

conversion

A

Anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis.

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6
Q

delusion

A

Fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence.

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7
Q

dissociation

A

Uncomfortable feelings are separated from their real object. In order to avoid mental distress, the feelings are redirected toward a second object or behavior pattern.

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8
Q

dysphoria

A

Sadness, hopelessness; depressive mood, or feeling “low.”

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9
Q

euphoria

A

Exaggerated feeling of well-being (“high”).

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10
Q

hallucination

A

False sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things).

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11
Q

illusion

A

false perception of an actual sensory stimulus.

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12
Q

labile

A

Variable; undergoing rapid emotional change.

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13
Q

mania

A

Elation or irritability, associated with distractibility, hyperactivity, talkativeness, injudicious acts, flight of ideas, and racing thoughts.

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14
Q

mutism

A

Non-reactive state with inability to speak.

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15
Q

obsession

A

An involuntary, persistent idea or emotion; the suffix -mania indicates a strong obsession with something.

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16
Q

paranoia

A

Overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated.

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17
Q

antisocial

A

No loyalty to or concern for others, and without moral standards; acts only in response to desires and impulses; cannot tolerate frustration and blames others when he or she is at fault

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18
Q

borderline

A

Instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self; characterized by alternating involvement with and rejection of people. Frantic efforts are made to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

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19
Q

histrionic

A

Emotional, attention-seeking, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and tantrums; flamboyant and theatrical; having general dissatisfaction with the self and angry feelings about the world.

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20
Q

narcissistic

A

rare- low self-esteem by developing a superficial sense of perfection and behavior that shows a need for constant admiration.

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21
Q

Narcissism

A

pervasive interest in the self with a lack of empathy for others

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22
Q

paranoid

A

Continually suspicious and mistrustful of other people but not to a psychotic or delusional degree

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23
Q

schizoid

A

loner, lack of social interaction

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24
Q

exhibitionism

A

Compulsive need to expose one’s body, particularly the genitals, to an unsuspecting stranger.

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25
Q

fetishism

A

The use of nonliving objects (articles of clothing) as substitutes for a human sexual love object.

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26
Q

pedophilia

A

Sexual urges and fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child (age 13 or younger).

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27
Q

sexual masochism

A

Sexual gratification is gained by being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer by another person.

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28
Q

sexual sadism

A

Sexual gratification is gained by inflicting physical or psychological pain or humiliation on others.

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29
Q

transvestic fetishism

A

Cross-dressing; wearing clothing of the opposite sex. This disorder has been described in heterosexual males who have intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving cross-dressing.

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30
Q

voyeurism

A

Sexual excitement is achieved by observing unsuspecting people who are naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity.

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31
Q

affect

A

External expression of emotion, or emotional response

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32
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

refusal to maintain body weight, conscious relentless attempt to diet, excessive over activity and exercise

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33
Q

anxiety disorders

A

Characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior

Ex - panic disorder, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder

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34
Q

apathy

A

Absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement.

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35
Q

autism

A

Pervasive developmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior

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36
Q

bipolar disorder

A

Mood disorder with alternating periods of mania and depression.

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37
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge and purge eating using vomiting and misuse of laxatives or enemas, depression

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38
Q

cannabis

A

Plant substance from which marijuana is made

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39
Q

compulsion

A

Uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly

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40
Q

conversion disorder

A

Repressed conflicts expressed as physical symptoms

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41
Q

defense mechanism

A

Unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety.

It protects the individual against anxiety and stress; examples are acting out, denial, and repression.

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42
Q

delirium

A

Confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, and fearfulness. This is usually a reversible impairment in thinking

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43
Q

delirium tremens

A

associated with alcohol withdrawal

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44
Q

dementia

A

Loss of intellectual abilities with impairment of memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality.

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45
Q

depression

A

Major mood disorder with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, and discouragement and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts

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46
Q

dissociative disorder

A

Chronic or sudden disturbance in memory, identity, or consciousness

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47
Q

ego

A

Central coordinating branch of the personality or mind.

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48
Q

fugue

A

Flight from customary surroundings; dissociative disorder

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49
Q

gender identity disorder

A

Strong and persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex.

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50
Q

id

A

Major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires.

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51
Q

mood disorder

A

Prolonged emotion dominates a person’s life

Ex - bipolar and
depressive disorders.

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52
Q

obsessive-compulsive

disorder

A

Anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior.

53
Q

paraphilia

A

Recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involves unusual objects, activities, or situations.

54
Q

personality disorders

A

Lifelong personality patterns marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning.

55
Q

pervasive developmental

disorders

A

Group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills; autism and Asperger syndrome are examples.

56
Q

phobia

A

Irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation.

57
Q

post-traumatic stress

disorder

A

Anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event.

58
Q

projective (personality) test

A

Diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality.

59
Q

psychiatrist

A

Physician (MD) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders

60
Q

psychologist

A

Nonmedical professional (often a PhD or an EdD) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease

61
Q

psychosis

A

A disorder marked by loss of contact with reality often associated with delusions and hallucinations.

62
Q

reality testing

A

Psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychosis.

63
Q

repression

A

Defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out of awareness.

64
Q

schizophrenia

A

Chronic psychotic disorder that may include hallucinations,

disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative.

65
Q

sexual disorder

A

Paraphilias and sexual dysfunctions.

66
Q

somatoform disorder

A

Presence of physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or other well-described mental disorder such as depression.

67
Q

substance-related disorder

A

Regular overuse of psychoactive substances (alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedatives) that affect the central nervous system.

68
Q

superego

A

Internalized conscience and moral aspect of the personality.

69
Q

amphetamines

A

Central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression.

70
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A

Drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior (schizophrenia, bipolar disease, and other mental illness).

71
Q

benzodiazepines

A

Drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks.

72
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

Focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts.

Conditioning (changing behavior patterns by training and repetition) is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness.

73
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

Electric current is used to produce convulsions and loss of
consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression. Modern techniques use anesthesia, so the convulsion is not observable.

74
Q

family therapy

A

Treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts.

75
Q

free association

A

Psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind.

76
Q

group therapy

A

Group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other.

77
Q

hypnosis

A

Induced trance (state of altered consciousness).

78
Q

insight-oriented therapy

A

Face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings. The patient tells his or her story and has the opportunity to connect emotional patterns in his or her life history with present concerns. Also called psychodynamic therapy.

79
Q

lithium

A

Medication used to treat the manic stage of bipolar illness.

80
Q

neuroleptic drug

A

Any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms.

Ex - phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine (Thorazine).

81
Q

phenothiazines

A

Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs

82
Q

play therapy

A

Treatment in which a child, through use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings that cannot be communicated in a direct manner.

83
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior.

84
Q

psychodrama

A

Group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients.

85
Q

psychopharmacology

A

Treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs.

86
Q

sedatives

A

Drugs that lessen anxiety.

87
Q

supportive psychotherapy

A

Offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events.

88
Q

transference

A

Psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure.

89
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

Drugs used to treat severe depression; three-ringed fused structure.

90
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

91
Q

ment/o

A

mind

92
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

93
Q

phil/o

A

attraction to , love

94
Q

phren/o

A

mind

95
Q

psych/o

A

mind

96
Q

schiz/o

A

spilt

97
Q

somat/o

A

body

98
Q

-genic

A

produced by

99
Q

-leptic

A

to seize hold of

100
Q

-mania

A

obsessive preoccupation

101
Q

-phobia

A

fear (irrational and often disabling)

102
Q

-phoria

A

feeling, bearing

103
Q

-thymia

A

mind

104
Q

a-, an-

A

no, not

105
Q

cata-

A

down

106
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, less than, below

107
Q

para-

A

abnormal

108
Q

psychiatry

A

branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illness.

109
Q

Forensic Psychiatrist

A

Deal with legal aspects of psychiatry

110
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

Master’s

111
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Analysis of present problem

112
Q

Tools used by Clinical Psychologists

A
  • Psychotherapy
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Intelligence tests
  • Mental processing tests
  • Memory tests
  • Personality tests
113
Q

Sigmund Freud and personality structure:

A

Id - Unconcious

Ego - Central coordinating branch of the personality

Superego - Internalized

114
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

chronic anxiety and exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke such feelings

115
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

two personalities take over

116
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

memory loss of personal info

117
Q

dissociative fugue

A

sudden unexpected travel

118
Q

Cyclothymic disorder

A

mild bipolar with at least 2 years of hypomania and numerous depressive episodes

119
Q

Depressive disorder

A

major depression, severe dysphoria

120
Q

Dysthymia (dysthymic disorder)

A

depressive disorder involving depressed mood (feeling sad or “down in the dumps”) that persists over a 2-year period but is not as severe as major depression.

No psychotic features (delusions, hallucinations, incoherent thinking) as are sometimes found in major depression.

121
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

change from depression to mania or hypomania also may occur within a 60-day period from mid- February to mid-April.

122
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Preoccupation with bodily aches, pains, and discomforts in the absence of real illness

123
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Compulsion to take a drug despite adverse consequences

124
Q

Physiologic dependence

A

Withdrawal when the drug is abruptly discontinued

125
Q

substances assoc w/ abuse

A
  • Alcohol
  • Amphetamines
  • Cannabis (marijuana)
  • Cocaine
  • Hallucinogens
  • Opioids
  • Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics
126
Q

psychotherapy

A

Tx

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Family therapy
Group therapy
Hypnosis
Insight-oriented psychotherapy
Play therapy
Psychoanalysis
Sex therapy
Supportive psychotherapy
127
Q

severe dysphoric mood

A

major depression

128
Q

Hypomania

A

mood resembling mania, but of lesser intensity

129
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of being in open, crowded, public places from which escape would be difficult or in which help might not be available, or of going out alone in “unsafe” places.

Med Term - Exam 5 (12 decks)

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