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Med Term - Exam 5 > Chap 21 - Pharmacology Textbook > Flashcards

Chap 21 - Pharmacology Textbook Flashcards

1
Q

addiction

A

Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug.

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2
Q

additive action

A

Drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each. ( 1+1=2 )

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3
Q

aerosol

A

Particles of drug suspended in air.

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4
Q

anaphylaxis

A

Exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered drug or foreign protein. (local or systemic)

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5
Q

antagonistic action

A

Combination of two drugs gives LESS THAN an additive effect (action).

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6
Q

antidote

A

Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.

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7
Q

brand name

A

trademark or trade name of drug manufacturer

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8
Q

chemical name

A

exact chemical makeup

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9
Q

contraindications

A

Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment.

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10
Q

controlled substances

A

Drugs that produce tolerance and dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.

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11
Q

dependence

A

Physiologic need for a drug due to prolonged use.

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12
Q

dose

A

Amount of drug administered, milligrams.

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13
Q

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A

U.S. government agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use.

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14
Q

generic name

A

Legal noncommercial name for a drug.

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15
Q

iatrogenic

A

Condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by physicians or medical personnel.

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16
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

Unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive patient but not seen in most people.

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17
Q

inhalation

A

Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth.

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18
Q

medicinal chemistry

A

Study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.

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19
Q

molecular pharmacology

A

Study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors.

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20
Q

oral administration

A

Drugs are given by mouth

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21
Q

parenteral administration

A

Drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins - OUTSIDE of the GI tract

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22
Q

pharmacist

A

Specialist in preparing and dispensing drugs.

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23
Q

pharmacy

A

Location for preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.

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24
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

Study of drug effects within the body.

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25
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

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26
Q

pharmacologist

A

Specialist in the study of the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.

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27
Q

pharmacology

A

Study of the preparation, properties, uses, and side effects of drugs.

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28
Q

Physicians’ Desk

Reference (PDR)

A

Reference book that lists drug products.

PAID ADVERTISMENT

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29
Q

receptor

A

Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.

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30
Q

rectal administration

A

Drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.

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31
Q

resistance

A

Lack of beneficial response

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32
Q

response

A

Desired and beneficial effect of a drug.

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33
Q

schedule

A

Exact timing and frequency of drug administration.

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34
Q

side effect

A

Adverse reaction, usually minor, that routinely results from the use of a drug.

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35
Q

sublingual administration

A

Drugs are given by placement under the tongue.

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36
Q

synergism (potentiation)

A

Combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone. (1+1=3)

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37
Q

syringe

A

Instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.

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38
Q

tolerance

A

waning action over time

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39
Q

topical application

A

Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body

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40
Q

toxicity

A

Harmful effects of a drug

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41
Q

toxicology

A

Study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.

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42
Q

transport

A

Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.

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43
Q

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

A

Authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing.

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44
Q

vitamin

A

Substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.

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45
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Lowers blood pressure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a powerful vasoconstrictor).

CARDIO

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46
Q

amphetamine

A

CNS stimulant

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47
Q

analgesic

A

relieves pain

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48
Q

androgen

A

male hormone

ENDO

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49
Q

anesthetic

A

reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local

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50
Q

angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs)

A

Lowers BP by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.

CARDIO

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51
Q

antacid

A

neutralizes acid in the stomach

GI

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52
Q

antiandrogen

A

Slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues

ENDO

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53
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

Treats abnormal heart rhythms.

CARDIO

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54
Q

antibiotic

A

Chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body.

Ex - antifungals, cephalosporins, erythromycin, tetracycline,
antituberculars, penicillins, quinolones, and sulfonamides.

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55
Q

anticoagulant

A

prevents blood clotting

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56
Q

anticonvulsant

A

prevents convulsions

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57
Q

antidepressant

A

relieves symptoms of depression

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58
Q

antidiabetic

A

Drug given to prevent or treat diabetes mellitus.

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59
Q

antidiarrheal

A

prevents diarrhea

GI

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60
Q

antiemetic

A

prevents nausea and vomiting

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61
Q

antihistamine

A

Blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.

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62
Q

antinauseant

A

Relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.

GI

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63
Q

antiplatelet

A

Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot.

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64
Q

antiulcer

A

Inhibits the secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach.

GI

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65
Q

antiviral

A

Acts against viruses such as herpesviruses and HIV.

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66
Q

aromatase inhibitor

A

Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aromatase.

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67
Q

bactericidal

A

Kills bacteria

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68
Q

bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits bacterial growth

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69
Q

beta-blocker

A

Blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.

CARDIO

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70
Q

bisphosphonate

A

prevents bone loss in osteoporosis

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71
Q

caffeine

A

CNS stimulant

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72
Q

calcium channel blocker (calcium antagonist)

A

Blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; used as an antiarrhythmic, antianginal, and antihypertensive.

CARDIO

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73
Q

cardiac glycoside

A

Increases the force of contraction of the heart.

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74
Q

cardiovascular drug

A

Acts on the heart and blood vessels. This category of drug includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, cholesterol lowering drugs or statins, and diuretics.

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75
Q

cathartic

A

Relieves constipation.

GI

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76
Q

cholesterol-binding drug

A

Binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake from the GI tract.

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77
Q

cholesterol-lowering drug

A

Lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver; statin.

CARDIO

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78
Q

diuretic

A

Increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body; antihypertensive.

CARDIO

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79
Q

emetic

A

promotes vomiting

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80
Q

endocrine drug

A

hormone or hormone-like drug

Ex - androgens, estrogens,
progestins, SERMs, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids.

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81
Q

estrogen

A

Female hormone that promotes development of secondary sex characteristics and supports reproductive tissues.

ENDO

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82
Q

gastrointestinal drug

A

Relieves symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.

Ex - antacids, antiulcer drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, cathartics, laxatives,
purgatives, and antinauseants (antiemetics).

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83
Q

glucocorticoids

A

Hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation.

ENDO

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84
Q

hypnotic

A

produces sleep or a trace-like state

85
Q

laxative

A

weak cathartic

GI

86
Q

narcotic

A

Habit-forming drug (potent analgesic) that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility; morphine and opium are examples.

87
Q

progestin

A

Female hormone that stimulates the uterine lining during pregnancy and is also used in treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding and for hormone replacement therapy.

ENDO

88
Q

prugative

A

relieves constipation; strong cathartic

89
Q

respiratory drug

A

Treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system. (Bronchodilators)

90
Q

sedative

A

A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep. (Benzodiazepines)

91
Q

stimulant

A

Excites and promotes activity. (caffeine, amphetamines)

92
Q

thyroid hormone

A

Stimulates cellular metabolism.

ENDO

93
Q

tranquilizer

A

Controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.

94
Q

aer/o

A

air

95
Q

alges/o

A

sensitivity to pain

96
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

97
Q

chem/o

A

drug

98
Q

cras/o

A

mixture

99
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

100
Q

derm/o

A

skin

101
Q

erg/o

A

work

102
Q

esthes/o

A

feeling, sensation

103
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

104
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

105
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

106
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

107
Q

myc/o

A

mold, fungus

108
Q

narc/o

A

stupor

109
Q

or/o

A

mouth

110
Q

pharmac/o

A

drug

111
Q

prurit/o

A

itching

112
Q

pyret/o

A

fever

113
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (of brain and spinal cord)

114
Q

tox/o, toxic/o

A

poison

115
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

116
Q

ven/o

A

vein

117
Q

vit/o

A

life

118
Q

ana-

A

upward, excessive, again

119
Q

anti-

A

against

120
Q

contra-

A

against, opposite

121
Q

par-

A

other than, apart from

122
Q

syn-

A

together, with

123
Q

Drugs

A

medicines/substances used to prevent or treat a condition or disease

124
Q

Various sources

A

Plants: digitalis
Animals: hormones
Synthesized in lab: methotrexate

125
Q

hospital formulary

A

gives info about characteristics of drugs and their clinical usage (application to patient care) as approved by that particular hospital.

126
Q

by mouth

A

PO, p.o., po

127
Q

sublingual

A

SL

128
Q

rectal

A

R

129
Q

parenteral

A
  • intracavitary injection
  • intradermal injection (ID)
  • intramuscular injection (IM)
  • intrathecal injection (think spinal)
  • intravenous injection (IV)
  • subcutaneous injection (SC)
130
Q

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

A

increase bone formation

ENDO

131
Q

a.c., ac

A

before meals

132
Q

ad lib

A

freely, as desired

133
Q

APAP

A

Acetaminophen

134
Q

ARB

A

Angiotensin II receptor blocker

135
Q

b.i.d., bid

A

2x a day

136
Q

c

A

with

137
Q

caps

A

capsules

138
Q

Cc

A

cubic centimeter

139
Q

gm, g

A

gram

140
Q

gtt

A

drops

141
Q

h

A

hour

142
Q

h.s., hs

A

at bedtime

143
Q

H2 blocker

A

Histamine h2 receptor antagonist

144
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

145
Q

INH

A

Isoniazid-antituberculosis agent

146
Q

MAOI

A

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

147
Q

mg

A

milligram

148
Q

ml, mL

A

milliliter

149
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

150
Q

NSAID

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

151
Q

p

A

after

152
Q

p.c., pc

A

after meals

153
Q

PCA

A

Patient-controlled analgesia

154
Q

p.r.n., prn

A

as needed, as necessary

155
Q

Pt

A

patient

156
Q

q

A

every

157
Q

q.h., qh

A

every hour

158
Q

q2h

A

every 2 hours

159
Q

q.i.d., qid

A

4x a day

160
Q

q.s., qs

A

sufficient quantity

161
Q

qAM

A

every morning

162
Q

qPM

A

every evening

163
Q

Rx

A

prescription

164
Q

s

A

w/o

165
Q

Sig.

A

direction - how to take med

166
Q

s.o.s

A

if it is necessary

167
Q

SSRI

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

168
Q

tab

A

tablet

169
Q

TCA

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

170
Q

t.i.d., tid

A

3x a day

171
Q

DO NOT USE LIST

A

U - units
IU - International Unit
q.d. - daily
q.o.d. - every other day

X.0 mg - write X mg
.X mg - write 0.X mg

MS - morphine sulfate
MgSO4 - magnesium sulfate

172
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Heparin

A

anticoagulants

173
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

analgesic - mild

174
Q

Lipitor

A

atorvastatin

cholesterol-lowering statin

175
Q

Singulair

A

montelukast

antiallergy drug

176
Q

Lexapro

A

escitalopram oxalate

antidepressant

177
Q

Nexium

A

esomeprazole magnesium

antiulcer/anti-GERD

178
Q

Synthroid

A

levothyroxine

hormone (thyroid gland)

179
Q

Plavix

A

clopidogrel bisulfate

adenosine diphosphate (ADP) inhibitor

180
Q

Toprol XL

A

metoprolol succinate

antihypertensive (beta-blocker)

181
Q

Prevacid

A

lansoprazole

antiulcer/anti-GERD

182
Q

Vytorin

A

simvastatin ezetimibe

cholesterol-lowering statin

183
Q

Advair Diskus

A

cetirizine

antihistamine

184
Q

Effexor XR

A

venlafaxine

extended release antidepressant

185
Q

Protonix

A

pantoprazole

proton pump inhibitor

186
Q

Diovan

A

valsartan

angiotension II receptor antagonist

187
Q

Fosamax

A

alendronate

bone resorption inhibitor; calcium inhibitor

188
Q

Zetia

A

ezetimibe

cholesterol-lowering statin

189
Q

Crestor

A

rosuvastatin

cholesterol-lowering statin

190
Q

Levaquin

A

levofloxacin

antibiotic

191
Q

ProAir HFA

A

albuterol

bronchodilator

192
Q

Celebrex

A

celecoxib

analgesic

193
Q

Flomax

A

tamsulosin

alpha-adrenergic blocker

194
Q

Norvasc

A

amlodipine

antihypertensive (calcium channel blocker)

195
Q

Nasonex

A

mometasone

corticosteroid

196
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Anticoagulant

Blocks formation of several clot-forming factors in blood

197
Q

Tissue-type plasminogen activator

tPA

A

Dissolves clots and is used to open vessels after myocardial infarction

198
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Selective serotonin reputable inhibitors (SSRIs)
A

Increases the action of neurotransmitters by blocking their removal (reputable) from the synapses

199
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Increase the length of time neurotransmitters work by blocking monoamine oxidase, enzyme that normally inactivated neurotransmitters

200
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Lower the levels of glucose in the blood by stimulating production of insulin

201
Q

Biguanides

A

Increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin and reduce the production of glucose by the liver

202
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

Temporarily block enzymes that digest sugars

203
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Enhance glucose uptake into tissues

204
Q

Meglitinides

A

Stimulate the beta calls in the pancreas to produce insulin

205
Q

Calcitonin

A

Treat osteoporosis

206
Q

Anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

A

Rx used to treat autoimmune diseases - Crohn’s, rheumatoid arthritis

207
Q

anti-emetics

A

stops vomiting

208
Q

anti-anginal

A

stops chest pains

Med Term - Exam 5 (12 decks)

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