Chap 21 - Pharmacology Review Sheets Flashcards
1
Q
use of drugs in the treatment of disease
A
chemotherapy
2
Q
study of new drug synthesis
A
medicinal chemistry
3
Q
study of how drugs interact with their target molecules
A
molecular pharmacology
4
Q
study of the harmful effects of drugs
A
toxicology
5
Q
study of drug effects in the body
A
pharmacodynamics
6
Q
measurement of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time
A
pharmacokinetics
7
Q
Specialist in the study of the harmful effects of drugs on the body is a/n
A
toxicologist
8
Q
Agent given to counteract harmful effects of a drug is a/an
A
antidote
9
Q
Government agency with legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use is
A
Food and Drug Administration
10
Q
The ___________ is the commercial name for a drug.
A
trade (brand) name
11
Q
The ____________ is the complicated chemical formula for a drug.
A
chemical name
12
Q
The _____________ is the legal noncommercial name for a drug.
A
generic name
13
Q
Professional who prepares and dispenses drugs is a/an
A
pharmacist
14
Q
Specialist (MD or PhD) who studies the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs is a/an
A
pharmacologist
15
Q
Reference book listing drug products is
A
Physicians’ Desk Reference
16
Q
Authoritative listing of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing is
A
United States Pharmacopeia
17
Q
administered via suppository or fluid into the anus
A
rectal
18
Q
administered via vapor or gas into the nose or mouth
A
inhalation
19
Q
administered under the tongue
A
sublingual
20
Q
applied locally on skin or mucous membrane
A
topical
21
Q
injected via syringe under the skin or into a vein, muscle, or body cavity
A
parenteral
22
Q
given by mouth and absorbed through the stomach or intestinal wall
A
oral
23
Q
intravenous
A
within a vein
24
Q
intrathecal
A
within a sheath (membranes around the spinal cord or brain)
25
antiseptic
an agent that works against infection
26
antipruritic
an agent that works against itching
27
aerosol
a solution of particles (drug) in air (vapor or gas)
28
intramuscular
within a muscle
29
subcutaneous
under the skin
30
intracavitary
within a cavity
31
addiction
physical and psychological dependence on a drug
32
dose
amount of drug administered
33
resistance
lack of beneficial response
34
response
desired and beneficial effect of a drug
35
schedule
exact timing and frequency of drug administration
36
dependence
prolonged use of a drug that may lead to physiologic need for its actions in the body
37
intravenous
blood transfusions
38
rectal
suppositories
39
oral
tablets or capsules
40
topical
lotions, creams, ointments
41
inhalation
aerosol medications
42
intrathecal
lumbar puncture
43
intramuscular
deep injection, usually in buttock
44
intradermal
skin testing for allergy
45
combination of two drugs is greater than the total effects of each drug by itself
synergism (potentiation)
46
combination of two drugs that is equal to the sum of the effects of each
additive action
47
effects of a given drug dose become less as treatment continues, and larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect
tolerance
48
an unexpected effect that may appear in a patient following administration of a drug
idiosyncrasy
49
two drugs give less than an additive effect (action)
antagonistic
50
antibiotic
an agent that inhibits or kills germ life (microorganisms)
51
antidepressant
an agent that relieves the symptoms of depression
52
antihistamine
an agent that blocks the action of histamine and relieves allergic symptoms
53
analgesic
an agent that relieves pain
54
anticoagulant
an agent that prevents blood clotting
55
anesthetic
an agent that reduces or eliminates
| sensation
56
antidiabetic
an agent used to prevent diabetes
| mellitus
57
sedative
an agent (mildly hypnotic) that relaxes and calms nervousness
58
stimulant
an agent that excites and promotes activity
59
tranquilizer
a drug used to control anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior
60
antihistamine
anaphylactic shock
61
analgesic
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
62
antidiabetic
insulin
63
anticoagulant
heparin
64
antibiotic
penicillin or erythromycin
65
stimulant
caffeine or amphetamines
66
sedative-hypnotic
benzodiazepine
67
tranquilizer
phenothiazine
68
beta-blocker
drug that blocks the action of epinephrine at sites of receptors of heart muscles, blood vessels, and bronchial tubes (antihypertensive, antianginal, and antiarrhythmic)
69
androgen
a drug that produces male sexual characteristics
70
glucocorticoid
a hormone from the adrenal glands that reduces inflammation and raises blood sugar
71
calcium channel blocker
a drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and blood vessel walls (antianginal, antiarrhythmic, and antihypertensive)
72
estrogen
a hormone that produces female sexual characteristics
73
antacid
a drug that neutralizes acid in the stomach
74
cathartic
a drug that relieves constipation
75
antiemetic
a drug that prevents nausea and vomiting
76
bronchodilator
a drug that opens air passages
77
hypnotic
an agent that produces sleep
78
diuretic
a drug that reduces the volume of blood and lowers blood pressure
79
cholesterol-lowering drug
a drug that reduces cholesterol
| levels (treats hypercholesterolemia)
80
anticonvulsant
epilepsy
81
anticoagulant
thrombosis and embolism
82
antacid
epigastric discomfort
83
progestins
abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance
84
antibiotic
streptococcal pharyngitis
85
ACE inhibitor
congestive heart failure and hypertension
86
bronchodilator
asthma
87
antihistamine
anaphylactic shock
88
tranquilizer
severe behavior disturbances and anxiety
89
analgesic
myalgia and neuralgia
90
agent that reduces fever:
antipyretic
91
agent that reduces itching:
antipruritic
92
habit-forming analgesic:
narcotic
93
two drugs cause an effect greater than the sum of each alone:
synergism
94
antibiotic derived from a red mold:
erythromycin
95
legal nonproprietary name of a drug:
generic
96
factor in a patient’s condition that prevents the use of a particular drug:
contraindication
97
drug that produces an absence of sensation or feeling:
anesthetic
98
Cephalosporins (such as cefuroxime and cefprozil) and penicillins are examples of a/an __________ drug.
antibiotic
99
Advil (ibuprofen) is an example of a/an ______________.
NSAID
100
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) and phenytoin (Dilantin) are examples of a/an ___________ drug.
anticonvulsant
101
Zovirax (acyclovir) and Crixivan (indinavir) are both types of a/an ___________ drug.
antiviral
102
Nolvadex (tamoxifen), used to treat estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer in women, is an example of a/an _________ drug.
antiestrogen
103
Patients with high blood pressure may need Vasotec (enalapril) or Zestril (lisinopril). Both of these
are examples of a/an ____________.
ACE inhibitor
104
Metformin (Glucophage) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) are two types of ____________ drugs.
oral antidiabetic for type 2 diabetes
105
Evista (raloxifene), used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, is an example of a selective estrogen receptor modulator or ________________.
SERM
106
Amitriptyline (Elavil) and fluoxetine (Prozac) are two types of a/an ____________ drug.
antidepressant
107
If you have an allergy, your doctor may prescribe Allegra (fexofenadine), which is a/an ____________ drug.
antihistamine
108
Two agents that reduce the amount of fluid in the blood and thus lower blood pressure are Lasix (furosemide) and Aldactone (spironolactone). These are______________ drugs.
diuretic
109
Xylocaine (lidocaine) and Pentothal (thiopental) are examples of a/an ____________ drug.
anesthetic
110
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
111
p.r.n.
as needed
112
q.i.d
4 times a day
113
ad lib
freely as desired
114
t.i.d
3 times a day
115
mg
milligram
116
c
with
117
s
without
118
NPO
nothing by mouth
119
p.c.
after meals
120
b.i.d.
2 times a day
121
q.h.
every hour
122
PO
by mouth
123
q
every
124
1 tab PO q.i.d. p.c. and h.s.
take one tablet by mouth, four times a day, after meals and at bedtime
125
15-60 mg IM q4-6h
administer 15-60 milligrams intramuscularly, every 4-6 hours
126
2 caps p.o. h.s.
take two capsules by mouth at bedtime
127
1 tab SL p.r.n.
place one tablet under the tongue, as needed
128
Apply topically qhs prn
apply to the skin, at bedtime as needed
129
aer/o
air
130
alges/o
sensitivity to pain
131
bronch/o
bronchial tube
132
chem/o
drug, chemical
133
cras/o
mixture; temperament
134
cutane/o
skin
135
derm/o
skin
136
enter/o
intestines (usually small intestine)
137
erg/o
work
138
esthes/o
nervous sensation (feeling)
139
hist/o
tissue
140
hypn/o
sleep
141
iatr/o
physician; treatment
142
lingu/o
tongue
143
myc/o
fungus
144
narc/o
nas/o nose
145
or/o
mouth
146
pharmac/o
drug
147
prurit/o
itching
148
pyret/o
fever
149
thec/o
sheath
150
tox/o
poison
151
toxic/o
poison
152
vas/o
vessel; duct; vas deferens
153
ven/o
vein
154
vit/o
life
155
-amine
nitrogen compound
156
-dote
to give
157
-genic
produced by or in
158
-in
substance
159
-phylaxis
protection
160
-sol
solution
161
ana-
up; apart; backward; again, anew
162
anti-
against
163
contra-
against; opposite
164
par-
other than; abnormal
165
syn-
together; with
