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Med Term - Exam 5 > Chap 21 - Pharmacology Review Sheets > Flashcards

Chap 21 - Pharmacology Review Sheets Flashcards

1
Q

use of drugs in the treatment of disease

A

chemotherapy

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2
Q

study of new drug synthesis

A

medicinal chemistry

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3
Q

study of how drugs interact with their target molecules

A

molecular pharmacology

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4
Q

study of the harmful effects of drugs

A

toxicology

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5
Q

study of drug effects in the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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6
Q

measurement of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time

A

pharmacokinetics

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7
Q

Specialist in the study of the harmful effects of drugs on the body is a/n

A

toxicologist

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8
Q

Agent given to counteract harmful effects of a drug is a/an

A

antidote

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9
Q

Government agency with legal responsibility for enforcing proper drug manufacture and clinical use is

A

Food and Drug Administration

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10
Q

The ___________ is the commercial name for a drug.

A

trade (brand) name

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11
Q

The ____________ is the complicated chemical formula for a drug.

A

chemical name

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12
Q

The _____________ is the legal noncommercial name for a drug.

A

generic name

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13
Q

Professional who prepares and dispenses drugs is a/an

A

pharmacist

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14
Q

Specialist (MD or PhD) who studies the properties, uses, and side effects of drugs is a/an

A

pharmacologist

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15
Q

Reference book listing drug products is

A

Physicians’ Desk Reference

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16
Q

Authoritative listing of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing is

A

United States Pharmacopeia

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17
Q

administered via suppository or fluid into the anus

A

rectal

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18
Q

administered via vapor or gas into the nose or mouth

A

inhalation

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19
Q

administered under the tongue

A

sublingual

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20
Q

applied locally on skin or mucous membrane

A

topical

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21
Q

injected via syringe under the skin or into a vein, muscle, or body cavity

A

parenteral

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22
Q

given by mouth and absorbed through the stomach or intestinal wall

A

oral

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23
Q

intravenous

A

within a vein

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24
Q

intrathecal

A

within a sheath (membranes around the spinal cord or brain)

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25
Q

antiseptic

A

an agent that works against infection

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26
Q

antipruritic

A

an agent that works against itching

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27
Q

aerosol

A

a solution of particles (drug) in air (vapor or gas)

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28
Q

intramuscular

A

within a muscle

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29
Q

subcutaneous

A

under the skin

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30
Q

intracavitary

A

within a cavity

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31
Q

addiction

A

physical and psychological dependence on a drug

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32
Q

dose

A

amount of drug administered

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33
Q

resistance

A

lack of beneficial response

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34
Q

response

A

desired and beneficial effect of a drug

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35
Q

schedule

A

exact timing and frequency of drug administration

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36
Q

dependence

A

prolonged use of a drug that may lead to physiologic need for its actions in the body

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37
Q

intravenous

A

blood transfusions

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38
Q

rectal

A

suppositories

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39
Q

oral

A

tablets or capsules

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40
Q

topical

A

lotions, creams, ointments

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41
Q

inhalation

A

aerosol medications

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42
Q

intrathecal

A

lumbar puncture

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43
Q

intramuscular

A

deep injection, usually in buttock

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44
Q

intradermal

A

skin testing for allergy

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45
Q

combination of two drugs is greater than the total effects of each drug by itself

A

synergism (potentiation)

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46
Q

combination of two drugs that is equal to the sum of the effects of each

A

additive action

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47
Q

effects of a given drug dose become less as treatment continues, and larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect

A

tolerance

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48
Q

an unexpected effect that may appear in a patient following administration of a drug

A

idiosyncrasy

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49
Q

two drugs give less than an additive effect (action)

A

antagonistic

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50
Q

antibiotic

A

an agent that inhibits or kills germ life (microorganisms)

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51
Q

antidepressant

A

an agent that relieves the symptoms of depression

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52
Q

antihistamine

A

an agent that blocks the action of histamine and relieves allergic symptoms

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53
Q

analgesic

A

an agent that relieves pain

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54
Q

anticoagulant

A

an agent that prevents blood clotting

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55
Q

anesthetic

A

an agent that reduces or eliminates

sensation

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56
Q

antidiabetic

A

an agent used to prevent diabetes

mellitus

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57
Q

sedative

A

an agent (mildly hypnotic) that relaxes and calms nervousness

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58
Q

stimulant

A

an agent that excites and promotes activity

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59
Q

tranquilizer

A

a drug used to control anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior

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60
Q

antihistamine

A

anaphylactic shock

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61
Q

analgesic

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

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62
Q

antidiabetic

A

insulin

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63
Q

anticoagulant

A

heparin

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64
Q

antibiotic

A

penicillin or erythromycin

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65
Q

stimulant

A

caffeine or amphetamines

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66
Q

sedative-hypnotic

A

benzodiazepine

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67
Q

tranquilizer

A

phenothiazine

68
Q

beta-blocker

A

drug that blocks the action of epinephrine at sites of receptors of heart muscles, blood vessels, and bronchial tubes (antihypertensive, antianginal, and antiarrhythmic)

69
Q

androgen

A

a drug that produces male sexual characteristics

70
Q

glucocorticoid

A

a hormone from the adrenal glands that reduces inflammation and raises blood sugar

71
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

a drug that blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and blood vessel walls (antianginal, antiarrhythmic, and antihypertensive)

72
Q

estrogen

A

a hormone that produces female sexual characteristics

73
Q

antacid

A

a drug that neutralizes acid in the stomach

74
Q

cathartic

A

a drug that relieves constipation

75
Q

antiemetic

A

a drug that prevents nausea and vomiting

76
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that opens air passages

77
Q

hypnotic

A

an agent that produces sleep

78
Q

diuretic

A

a drug that reduces the volume of blood and lowers blood pressure

79
Q

cholesterol-lowering drug

A

a drug that reduces cholesterol

levels (treats hypercholesterolemia)

80
Q

anticonvulsant

A

epilepsy

81
Q

anticoagulant

A

thrombosis and embolism

82
Q

antacid

A

epigastric discomfort

83
Q

progestins

A

abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance

84
Q

antibiotic

A

streptococcal pharyngitis

85
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

congestive heart failure and hypertension

86
Q

bronchodilator

A

asthma

87
Q

antihistamine

A

anaphylactic shock

88
Q

tranquilizer

A

severe behavior disturbances and anxiety

89
Q

analgesic

A

myalgia and neuralgia

90
Q

agent that reduces fever:

A

antipyretic

91
Q

agent that reduces itching:

A

antipruritic

92
Q

habit-forming analgesic:

A

narcotic

93
Q

two drugs cause an effect greater than the sum of each alone:

A

synergism

94
Q

antibiotic derived from a red mold:

A

erythromycin

95
Q

legal nonproprietary name of a drug:

A

generic

96
Q

factor in a patient’s condition that prevents the use of a particular drug:

A

contraindication

97
Q

drug that produces an absence of sensation or feeling:

A

anesthetic

98
Q

Cephalosporins (such as cefuroxime and cefprozil) and penicillins are examples of a/an __________ drug.

A

antibiotic

99
Q

Advil (ibuprofen) is an example of a/an ______________.

A

NSAID

100
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) and phenytoin (Dilantin) are examples of a/an ___________ drug.

A

anticonvulsant

101
Q

Zovirax (acyclovir) and Crixivan (indinavir) are both types of a/an ___________ drug.

A

antiviral

102
Q

Nolvadex (tamoxifen), used to treat estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer in women, is an example of a/an _________ drug.

A

antiestrogen

103
Q

Patients with high blood pressure may need Vasotec (enalapril) or Zestril (lisinopril). Both of these
are examples of a/an ____________.

A

ACE inhibitor

104
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) are two types of ____________ drugs.

A

oral antidiabetic for type 2 diabetes

105
Q

Evista (raloxifene), used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, is an example of a selective estrogen receptor modulator or ________________.

A

SERM

106
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil) and fluoxetine (Prozac) are two types of a/an ____________ drug.

A

antidepressant

107
Q

If you have an allergy, your doctor may prescribe Allegra (fexofenadine), which is a/an ____________ drug.

A

antihistamine

108
Q

Two agents that reduce the amount of fluid in the blood and thus lower blood pressure are Lasix (furosemide) and Aldactone (spironolactone). These are______________ drugs.

A

diuretic

109
Q

Xylocaine (lidocaine) and Pentothal (thiopental) are examples of a/an ____________ drug.

A

anesthetic

110
Q

NSAID

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

111
Q

p.r.n.

A

as needed

112
Q

q.i.d

A

4 times a day

113
Q

ad lib

A

freely as desired

114
Q

t.i.d

A

3 times a day

115
Q

mg

A

milligram

116
Q

c

A

with

117
Q

s

A

without

118
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

119
Q

p.c.

A

after meals

120
Q

b.i.d.

A

2 times a day

121
Q

q.h.

A

every hour

122
Q

PO

A

by mouth

123
Q

q

A

every

124
Q

1 tab PO q.i.d. p.c. and h.s.

A

take one tablet by mouth, four times a day, after meals and at bedtime

125
Q

15-60 mg IM q4-6h

A

administer 15-60 milligrams intramuscularly, every 4-6 hours

126
Q

2 caps p.o. h.s.

A

take two capsules by mouth at bedtime

127
Q

1 tab SL p.r.n.

A

place one tablet under the tongue, as needed

128
Q

Apply topically qhs prn

A

apply to the skin, at bedtime as needed

129
Q

aer/o

A

air

130
Q

alges/o

A

sensitivity to pain

131
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

132
Q

chem/o

A

drug, chemical

133
Q

cras/o

A

mixture; temperament

134
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

135
Q

derm/o

A

skin

136
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually small intestine)

137
Q

erg/o

A

work

138
Q

esthes/o

A

nervous sensation (feeling)

139
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

140
Q

hypn/o

A

sleep

141
Q

iatr/o

A

physician; treatment

142
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

143
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

144
Q

narc/o

A

nas/o nose

145
Q

or/o

A

mouth

146
Q

pharmac/o

A

drug

147
Q

prurit/o

A

itching

148
Q

pyret/o

A

fever

149
Q

thec/o

A

sheath

150
Q

tox/o

A

poison

151
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

152
Q

vas/o

A

vessel; duct; vas deferens

153
Q

ven/o

A

vein

154
Q

vit/o

A

life

155
Q

-amine

A

nitrogen compound

156
Q

-dote

A

to give

157
Q

-genic

A

produced by or in

158
Q

-in

A

substance

159
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

160
Q

-sol

A

solution

161
Q

ana-

A

up; apart; backward; again, anew

162
Q

anti-

A

against

163
Q

contra-

A

against; opposite

164
Q

par-

A

other than; abnormal

165
Q

syn-

A

together; with

Med Term - Exam 5 (12 decks)

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