Chap 2: Flashcards
Premises Indicators:
-Because -For -Since -As -Given that
Conclusion Def:
-Conclusions are where the Au goes out on a limb the Au takes what’s been given in the premises and infers something new in the conclusion. - Conclusion are based on-premises. they rely on the premises. -Conclusion are the part of the Argument your question. -**Conclusion cant live on there own. - Conclusions are the judgment that the author makes. They are the main event.
Conclusion indicators:
-Therefore -Thus -Accordingly -Hence -Consequently -It follows that -So
Valid conclusions
**Proven -Vaild conclusions Must be True if the premise are true. Since, we always assume our premise is true, a valid conclusion is one that must be true.
Inference v. Valid Conclusion:
Valid Conclusion: are always presented as part of an argument. Inferences: Are not part of an argument inference is something use come up with ourselves from a premise set. Inference: is a valid conclusion you design yourself, not a conclusion inside an augment.
Invalid conclusions:
Take things for granted.
Intermediate conclusion:
-Fulfills the Arguments role of both premises and conclusion. It both supports the arguments main conclusion and supports by its premise. -is a conclusion acting like a premise.
How do we know when we have a premise or conclusions?
Ans: If you have no better ans then “reason” for why something is true, it’s a premise. If you have evidence for why it is true its some kind of conclusion. If something both has evidence for why it is true and evidence itself its an intimate conclusion.
The Most Important Words in an argument: The Power Players:
I. Certainty: A. Must: (Always, Single Time, No Exceptions, Ever, you can not get of doing this no matter what. B. Cannot: ( Never, Impossible in any Circumstance no way) 2. Possibility: A. Could: (Possible, there’s a chance, maybe, might, encompass both, something Unlikely and something likely. may or may not.) B. Not Necessarily: (Does not have to be the case, Literally “not must” could be an exception, not Guarantee).
“What If Test”
Questions the authority of the conclusion. This is how you come up with loopholes. Invalid conclusions are vulnerable to Loopholes and Valid conclusion are not. Also, you can use the ideas that are within the Stimulus to come up with some of the loopholes. Furthermore, always assume there is something being left out of what the author choose to present to you.
What is a Nested claim?
When Someone else besides the author makes a Claim.
Define what a premise is.
Premise are just the facts, the evidence. Also, Premises are defined by their relationship to the conclusion.
Conclusion Definition Part II.
- Brings up new ideas that do not be in the premise.
- Conclusions are supposed to be proven by the premises.
