Chap 2 Flashcards
Nucleoside
Base, sugar, but no phosphate
RNA 2’ carbon
OH
Length of RNA is measured by
Nucleotide number
two strands/secondary structure is stabilized by
Base pairs h bonding (of backbone) and base stacking
Base stacking
Bases stack like stairs to keep together, keeps water out (hydrophobic)
Major groves
Wide grove- where proteins can interact with DNA the most
Minor grove
Narrower grove, interacted with less
B form/ watson crick form
Standard, right handed, 10.5 bp/turn, high humidity, low salt, 5’ to 3’, major groove is deep and minor grove is shallow and broad
A form
Right handed, 11bp/turn, low humidity, high salt, associated with RNA, major and minor grove is moderate,
Z DNA
Left handed, “single grove”, 12 bp/turn, high MgCl or ethanol and methylated cytosine, linked to certain diseases, can occur in vivo
Nucleic acid
polymers made up of nucleotides
Nucleotide
Nucleic acid subunits made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
Deoxyribose
H on 2’ C
Chargaffs rules
GC content varies across species, but within the species, it is the same
DNA is held together by
Covalent bonds (phosphodiester bonds) and h bonds (bases bonds)