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Molecular Genetics > ch 12 > Flashcards

ch 12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

translation

A

mRNA to protein

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2
Q

main component of translation

A

ribosome tRNA, mRNA,

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3
Q

where do ribosome get assembled

A

in nucleolus

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4
Q

ribosome main purpose

A

decode mRNA, catalyze formation of peptide bonds bn amino acids (polypeptide polymerase)

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5
Q

what are ribosome composed of

A

ribo RNa and ribo porteins

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6
Q

prokaryote rib have - proteins

A

54

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7
Q

eukaryotic ribosomes have - proteins

A

82

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8
Q

”s” units

A

Svedberg unit
equal to 10^-13 seconds durring density gradient centrifugation
shape and size

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9
Q

S increases with

A

particle mass

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10
Q

small subunit parts

A

head, base, platform

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11
Q

large unit parts

A

central protuberance, ridge, stalk

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12
Q

t RNA binding sites

A

A (acceptor),P(hold peptide),E(exit)

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13
Q

large submit

A

forms peptide bonds
has peptide transferase center

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14
Q

small subunit

A

decode mRNA (charged tRNA decode thru codons),
attachment of mRNA for initiation

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15
Q

nucleolus

A

non membrane bond subcompartment of nucleus

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16
Q

site of 45S preibosomal RNA transcription

A

nucleolus

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17
Q

45s pre rRNA contains what parts (3) and what is it processed by

A

28s, 18s, 5.8s
processed by snRNA

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18
Q

5s rRNA is transcribed by

A

RNA pol III

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19
Q

what subunits make the large part

A

28, 5.8, 5

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20
Q

what subunits make the small part

A

18s

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21
Q

what subunit binds to the mRNA first

A

small

22
Q

fidelity is dependent on

A

codon-anticodon recognition
aminoacyl tRNa synthesis

23
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetases

A

attaches amino acid to tRNA in 2 steps

24
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetases steps

A
  1. amino acid reacts with ATP to adenylylate and pyrophosphate is released
  2. AMP is released and acid is transferred to 3’ end
25
Q

how is specific amino acyl tRNA so specific

A

three letter amino acid designation

26
Q

uncharge tRNA

A

methionine tRNA

27
Q

charged tRNA

A

methionyl-tRNA

28
Q

aminoacyl tRNA is accurate bc

A

high fidelity selection
proofreading

29
Q

kozak consensus sequence

A

start of translation in euk

30
Q

first amino acid added In euk translation

A

methionine

31
Q

initiation steps

A
  1. ternary complex formed and put onto 40s subunit
  2. loaded of mRNA
    3 finding start codon
    4 joining units of ribo to make the ribosomes
32
Q

Teninary complex is made of

A

Euk initiation factor (eif2)
GTP
Amino acid charged initiator (met tRNA)

33
Q

Ternary binds to

A

40s ribo subunit

34
Q

eIG4E and eIF4G plus extras like eIF4A associate with

A

5’ cap
It unwinds any secondary structures

35
Q

43s complex is made once the thingy reads - going along the kozak consensus sequence

A

AUG

36
Q

60s can be loaded after

A

GTP is hydrolysis to gdp and eif5

37
Q

Maybe fr fr add ts later

A

Bruh

38
Q

When 2B is mutated

A

Loss of white matter- fatal - leukoencephalopathy

39
Q

elongation starts with

A

peptide tRNA in ribo p site

40
Q

how does aminoacyl-tRNA get carried to A site

A

as part of ternary complex with GTP bound eEF1A
GTP hydrolysis

41
Q

peptide bond and translocation mediated by

A

eEF2, needs GTP hydrolysis

42
Q

peptide bond formation at

A

base of central protuberance in large ribo unit

43
Q

what catalyzes peptide formation

A

ribosomal RNA- forms catalytic center, decoding site, APE site, and interersubunit interface

44
Q

the ribosome is a

A

ribozyme

45
Q

Singal recognition particle (SRP)

A

binds to peptide and brings it to the ER

46
Q

After peptide is synthesized it goes from ribosome to

A

ER lumen

47
Q

stop codon (mutilple) recognize by

A

release factor eRF1 in associate with eRF3

48
Q

eRF1 and eRF3 is released with

A

GTP hydrolysis

49
Q

transcriptional and post translational control

A

control eIF2, blocks ternary complex formation

50
Q

hypoxia, viola infections, amino cid starvation, heat shock, may trigger

A

phosphorylation of alpha subunit of eIF2

Molecular Genetics (13 decks)

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