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Molecular Genetics > ch 8 > Flashcards

ch 8 Flashcards

1
Q

transcription starts at

A

promoter!!!!! BOTH

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2
Q

pro transcription occurs at

A

nucleiod/cytoplasm

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3
Q

transcription and translation is

A

coupled

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4
Q

promoter

A

sequence that recruits RNA pol for gene expression, contains -10 an d-35 sequences

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5
Q

-35 and -10 sequence

A

part of e coli promoter, consensus sequence

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6
Q

transcription start site number

A

+1

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7
Q

-10 sequence

A

Tata box or pribnow box

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8
Q

core enzyme

A

5 polypeptide chain, look like crab claw, catalyze polymerization

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9
Q

sigma factor

A

directs poly to promoter, helps with specific initiation of transcription

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10
Q

holoenzyme

A

core and sigma subunit, sigma can vary from each holoenzyme

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11
Q

different sigma subunits leads to

A

controlled transcription, will bind to different shit

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12
Q

sigma factor 70

A

important to life, housekeeping genes

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13
Q

key functions of sigma factor

A
  1. target RNA polymerase to holoenzyme and to specific promoters
  2. melt -10 region of promoter and stabilize it as ssDNA
  3. interact with other transcription factors
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14
Q

transcription steps

A
  1. initiation
  2. elongation
  3. termination
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15
Q

initiation steps

A
  1. promoter recognized and binded to
  2. close promoter complex formed
    3.open promoter complex formed
  3. abortive transcription
  4. promoter escape- sigma displaced?
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16
Q

close promoter complex formed

A

open up at -10, then starts-ish

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17
Q

elongation and sigma subunit relationship

A

no sigma required

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18
Q

transcription bubble

A

area of denatured DNA where rna synthesis is occurring- 20 nucleotides long

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19
Q

proofreading

A

rna poly has it but its not like ours

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20
Q

termination types

A

rho indie and rho dependent

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21
Q

rho indie relies on

A

inverted repeats to have hairpins, usually close to poly adenine (au) sequence

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22
Q

rho dependent

A

binds to rut, rho chases rna polymerase, no au sequence

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23
Q

constitutive genes

A

always on, housekeeping genes

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24
Q

repressible genes

A

on unless off

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25
Q

inducible genes

A

off unless on

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26
Q

operons!! mostly in prokaryotes

A

groups of genes with related functions

27
Q

operons have

A

promoter, operator, regulatory genes, make polycistronic (multiple genes in one mRNA) mRNA,

28
Q

operons allow for

A

fast environment change

29
Q

cis acting sequence

A

regulatory element

30
Q

trans acting factors

A

binds to cis to activating or deactivate

31
Q

lac operon

A

induced yasssss

32
Q

trp

33
Q

lac operator binds to

A

lac repressor protein

34
Q

CAP

A

catabolite activator protein site, binds to protein called CAP (when glucose levels are low)

35
Q

lac pi

A

promoter, allows lac I gene to constitutively (always) express

36
Q

lac I gene

A

repressor binds to operator unless lactose is available

37
Q

cAMP

A

binds to CAP when gluc low to allow for gene to express

38
Q

glucose only

A

lac repressor binds to operator, no CAP binding to site

39
Q

lactose and glucose

A

repressor comes off, cap no bind (basal level)

40
Q

lactose only

A

high transcription, 5000 molecules of shit in 8 minutes

41
Q

others modes of regulation (lac)

A

glucose inhibits transport of lactose
regulation by RHO (when not enough amino acids)

42
Q

beta glacatosidase breaks down what

A

lactose into lactose and glucose

43
Q

beta glacatosidase can modify lactose into

A

allolatose, binds to repressor protein to deactivate lac

44
Q

IPTG

A

can bind to repressor and allow for transcription
doesn’t get broken

45
Q

cooperative binding example

A

when cap is bound and glucose levels are low
RNA poly recruited

46
Q

allosteric mods example (lac)

A

when lac repressor binds to allolactase
cap and cAMP

47
Q

DNA looping

A

allows multiple proteins to interact with RNAP

48
Q

what type pr protein is lac repressor

49
Q

allosteric mods of lac operon

A

alloactose and IPTG
DNA looping

50
Q

attenuation

A

gene relation in transcribed dRNA
ex trp

51
Q

when trp low

A

ribosome pauses, stem loop (anti terminator) forms in mRNA

52
Q

when trp high

A

terminator loop form, no more transcription

53
Q

riboswitches

A

Specialized domains within certain mRNA that act as switchable on/off elements- no protein required

54
Q

aptamer will

A

binds to target metabolite

55
Q

expression platform

A

changes to RNA folding due to metabolite binding events
common in bacteria

56
Q

expression platform allows for

A

temp sensing, salt metal ion recognition, amino acid recognition and other small organic metabolites

57
Q

glucosamine-6- phosphate is controlled by

A

riboswitch ribozyme

58
Q

regulon

A

collection of regulated genes

59
Q

autoinducers

A

shit turn on to send signal to other bacteria near by
to form biofilm

60
Q

quorum sensing

A

enough bacteria to change what going on in biofilm

61
Q

elongation steps prokaryotic

A

Transcription bubble, RNA pol reads template, Proofreading

62
Q

cooperative binding

A

when two or more ligand molecules can bind to a receptor molecule.

Molecular Genetics (13 decks)

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