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Molecular Genetics > ch 9 > Flashcards

ch 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Transcription factors are made in

A

cytoplasm

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2
Q

how do transcription factors enter the nucleus

A

nuclear pore complex, nuclear localization/export signals

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3
Q

karyopherins

A

Nuclear import/export receptors

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4
Q

hormone receptors

A

hormones can diffuse directly into cell to interact with receptors

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5
Q

when hormone receptors become activated it will

A

translate into nucleus and increase gene transcription

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6
Q

what controls transcription

A

cellular compartmentalization, nuclear architecture, DNA-protein interactions, protein protein interactions, chromatin structure

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7
Q

Pre initiation complex is made of

A

RNA poly II, 5 general transcription factors, mediators

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8
Q

5 general transcription factors for initiation

A

recognize and unwind

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9
Q

mediator

A

interacts with transcription factors that bind to enhancers, stimulate stimulates kinase activity of TFIIH, in conjunctions with enhancer

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10
Q

TFFIID

A

recognizes TATA box, begins recruitment

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11
Q

TFIIB

A

orients the complex, aligns RNA polymerase and recruits it

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12
Q

TFIIF

A

highly associates RNA polymerase II to the DNA

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13
Q

TFIIE

A

recruits TFIIH

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14
Q

TFIIH

A

acts as helices and a kinase

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15
Q

what activates C-terminal domain and activates the polymerase

A

phosphorylation of C-terminal domain

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16
Q

transcription initiation steps

A

promoter melting
abortive initiaiton
promoter escape
pausing
pause release

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17
Q

non core transcription factors

A

activate or repress transcription

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18
Q

activators

A

stimulate recruitment/binding of general transcription factors/ RNA pol II, enzymatic activity of general transcription machinery, chromatin remodeling

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19
Q

transcription factors parts

A

DNA binding domain motif, dimerization domain, transactivation domain

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20
Q

DNA binding domain motif

A

helical turn helix, zinc finger, basic leucine sipper, basic helix loop helix

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21
Q

transactivation domain is for

A

protein protein interaction

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22
Q

dimerization domain

A

yes idk

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23
Q

transcriptional coactivators/corepressors

A

protein protein interactions that are involved with chromatin modification

24
Q

coactivatros complex examples

A

chromatin modification complexes
chromatin remodeling complexes

25
Q

chromatin modification complexes examples

A

acetylation of lysines
methylation of lynsines/ arginine
ubiquitination of lysine
phosphorylation of serines and theroine
writes, erasers, readers
others

26
Q

histone acetylation

A

binding site for activators or repressors, removes charge of lysine

27
Q

histone methylation

A

adds a CH3 group, positive charge added to side group

28
Q

histone unbiquitination

A

adds one ubiquintination to mod the shit

29
Q

phosphorylation

A

gene activation

30
Q

linker way to control chromatin

A

presence or absence of H1

31
Q

Chromatin remodling complexes

A

sliding
remodling
displacement
replacement
ALL ATP DEPENDANT!!!!!!

32
Q

RNA poly II can proofread

A

true, in same active site where polymerization occurs

33
Q

elongation phase steps

A

bubble, unwind DNA, selection of nucleoside triphosphate, catalysis of phosphodiester bond formation, translocation of RNA and DNA, proofread

34
Q

how RNA pol II proofreads

A

FACT removes an h2a/h2b dimer from the nucleosome

35
Q

euk transcription occurs

A

nucleus

36
Q

chromosome territories

A

where you find particular chromosomes

37
Q

main polymerase for RNA synthesis

A

RNA polymerase II, binds to promoter

38
Q

transcription factors

A

proteins for transcription, bind to promoter and reg elements, interpret info in reg elements, transmit appropriate response to RNA pol II

39
Q

Regulatory DNA sequences act as - regulatory elements

A

cis (reacts to the one right next to it)

40
Q

factors/protiens that bind to DNA act as - regulatory elements

A

trans (can effect multiple), effects cis elements

41
Q

core promoter elements

A

close to transcription start site
recognition site for RNA poly II, and transcription factors
more elements=stronger

42
Q

proximal promoter elements

A

close to core promoter
strengthens, not necessary tho

43
Q

long range regulatory elements

A

may be on diff chromosome
includes: enhancers, silencers, insulators, locus control regions

44
Q

enhancers

A

bind to transcription factors to activate

45
Q

silencers

A

bind to elements that repress transcription

46
Q

transvection

A

errmmm smth with hubs and shit

47
Q

insulators

A

Sequences of DNA that are chromatin boundary markers, insulate neighborhoods

48
Q

chromatin boudnary marker

A

demark regions of heterochromatin and euchromatin

49
Q

insulated neighborhoods

A

block silencers/ enhancer in inappropriate neighboring genes

50
Q

locus control region

A

have particular orientation, up regulate gene expression, control gene clusters

51
Q

general/basal machinery

A

for promoter recognition and catalysis of RNA synthesis

52
Q

specific transcription factors

A

bind to proximal promoters and long range regulatory elements
mediate gene transcription activation/ repression

53
Q

transcriptional coactivators and corepressors

A

no binds directly, not required for basal transcription

54
Q

main poly for RNA synthesis

A

II

55
Q
A

Molecular Genetics (13 decks)

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