Chap 16 - Viral Infectons re Blood, Lymps, GI and Nervous Flashcards
Infectious Mononucleosis is a disease that affects the nervous system, lymphatic system or blood?
blood
This blood disease is caused by the epstein-barr virus (EBV)
Mononucleosis
Why is mono called the kissing disease?
Because it is spread by contact with saliva.
Mononucleosis and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are a part of what family?
Herpes Family
Mono affects the B lymphocytes in the lymph node and spleen. What are the B lymphocytes responsible for producing?
WBCs /antibodies
Name the major complications associated with mono:
Ruptured spleen
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Alter DNA (cause cancer in some cases)
T or F - Mononucleosis is not a latent virus
False - it is a latent virus.
T or F - There is a vaccine for mononucleosis. The name is Besophlie.
False - There is not a vaccine for mono. There is also no cure. Ride it out! Treat symptoms.
This disease can accelerate the progression of HIV to AIDS and infecting many body tissues, including the retina and brain (affects nerves)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - a form of herpes virus
T or F - CMV can be vertically transmitted from mother to child.
True; this is the group we worry about the most.
The at risks groups for CMV are ___ and ____.
Pregnant sluts (mom and baby can transmit vertically) and people with AIDs (way to go Tiph).
Hepatitis mean what?
Inflammation of the liver (usually caused by alcohol or virus)
Name the types of Hepatitis that have a vaccine
A, B, and D.
These two forms of Hepatitis are caused by food and water and are considered mild.
Hepatitis A and E.
This form of Hepatitis kills only pregnant women.
Hep E.
Why is there a vaccine for Hep D?
Because one can only have Hep D if they have Hep B, therefore, if you have been vaccinated for Hep B you have vaccinated yourself for Hep D.
Transmission of Hep B usually involves ___ or ___ ____ with body fluids. (Hint: B is for Blood and body fluid)
Direct or Indirect Contact (sexually transmitted is one route)
Hep B consists of what two virions: (hint both are antigens)
skipped in lecture
HBcAg (Hep B core Antigen) nucleocapsid
HBsAg (Hep B sufrace Antigen) enveloped
This Hep B virion consists of an envelop containing a surface antigen
HBsAg
This Hep B virion consists of a nucleocapsid surrounded by a core antigen
HBcAg
This infection is an STD that causes fatigue, dark urine, pain in liver and jaundice
Hep B
During the first 6 months of Hep B incubation, the virus infects the _____.
Liver
T or F - Dark urine and vomiting are not symptoms of Hep B
False- Dark Urine and vomiting ARE symptoms of Hep B
T or F - After the onset of jaundice (with Hep B) an immunity develops.
True; Rarely, if you do not recover it may leads to cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Name the types of Hepatitis that is transmitted by blood:
Heps: B, C, and D.
In Hep C, most cases develop a ___ ___ infection.
Symptomless chronic
This form of Hepatitis is the primary reason for liver transplants in the U.S.
Hep C
In Hep C, ____ and ___ cause accelerated damage.
Drug use and alcoholism.
This is the primary cause of liver transplants in the US
Cirrhosis
Flavivirusies are also called arboviruses because of what?
They are arthropodborne
3 Majors Hemorrhagic (cause internal bleeding) Fevers are:
- Yellow Fever
- Dengue Fever
- Ebooooollllaaaaaaa
This was the first disease associated with a virus
Yellow Fever discovered by Walter Reed (jungle animals are reservoir - mosquito is vector)
What is the vector for Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever
Mosquitos
How do people die from yellow fever?
Many patients enter a coma and dies from internal hemorrhaging; vaccine available but no drugs.
What illness reappears in patients with the symptoms of black vomit, jaundice and delirium?
Yellow Fever
Black vomit, jaundice, and delirium (Tiph’s Fav beer, it’s lead me to get kicked off a plane before oops.)
This disease occurs in four serotypes and two species of mosquitoes are the vector. It is name means “cramp-like attack” in swahili.
Dengue Fever
This is also known as breakbone fever
Dengue Fever
Why is dengue fever difficult to treat?
Because it occurs in four serotypes. The first time you get it, you make antibodies. When you get it a second time, the body tries the first antibodies but they no longer work.
Dengue Fever is what kind of virus genome (DNA or RNA)
RNA
This disease Filovirus looks like a thread. Filo means thread in Latin. What disease does this virus cause?
Ebolllaaaaaaa
This disease causes a 50 to 90% mortality rate
Ebola.
Ebola appears to be a zoonotic disease, the reservoir is ___ ___.
Fruit bats
This virus causes damage to the endothelial cells, causing massive internal bleeding and hemorrhaging (leads to dehydration).
Eeeeeboooolllllaaa
How can transmission occur with Ebola?
contact with blood or secretions from an infected person or contaminated objects.
This disease is caused by a zoonotic virus carried by rodents (rats). It is transmitted through aerosol or direct contact with rodent excretion and/or contaminated food.
Lassa fever
Members of the Arenaviridae are associated with chronic infections in ______.
Rodents
Patchy blood-filed hemorrrhagic lesions of the throat are signs of this infection?
Lassa fever; can be deadly.
Which forms of Hep are transmitted by the GI tract?
Hep A & E. (Enters your mouth and exits your Asshole)
Hep A belongs to _______ family
Piconaviridae
Viral gastroenterities is a general name for illnesses involving what symptoms:
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, cramping, headache and malaise (always concerned for immunocompromised)
Malaise means what?
Bad feelings (Mala = bad in espanol)
Treatment for Rotavirus is what? Vaccine available??
Oral rehydration therapy; vaccine available
T or F - Rotavirus infections are deadly infections in children
True; causes dehydration
This infection is commonly associated with cruise ships?
Norovirus
Nonbacterial gastroenteritis in adults is caused by?
Norovirus infections; leads to dehydration
This GI infection causes hand, food, and mouth disease. One of the symptoms include a rash on the palms of hands and soles of feet.
Coxsackie virus
Once symptoms have begun in this disease caused by a virus in the nervous system, it has the highest mortality rate of any human disease…
Rabies. Very few survivors.
T or F - We will never be able to eradicate zoonic diseases
True
______ rabies occurs in warm-blooded _____.
Animal / Animals
What is the incubation period of Rabies. Severity of the infection depends on what?
6 days to 1 year. It depends on the location of the entry and the amount of the virus. (Closer to brain, worse off you are)
Post- ____ ______ can be done after a rabies bite.
exposure immunization
Furious rabies involves what symptoms
- Wide eyes
- Drooling
- Unprovoked attacks.
Dumb rabies involves what symptoms
- Docile
2. Lethargic
How are wild animals vaccinated?
with inoculated dog food and fish meal. (skipped in lecture)
This viral infection of the nervous system enters through the GI Tract and infects the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain (meninges).
Polio aka poliomyelitis (Polio = gray; myelo = spinal cord)
If motor cortex can cause paralysis of limbs and trunk (image of little kids on crutches in legs casts like forest gump)
Where in the body does the polio virus multiply:
- Tonsils
- Lymph tissue
- Gastrointestinal tract
This type of polio this virus infects the MEDULLA, affecting nerves in the neck, face, and upper torso (paralyze breathing and you may die).
Bulbar polio
This is an emerging disease in the Western hemisphere (LA was capital for a bit) has a bird reservoir and a mosquito vector.
West Nile virus.
Arboviral Encephalitis is what?
An acute inflammation of the brain caused by an arthropod borne virus
How is mononucleosis diagnosed?
When B cells are infected, they produce heterophile antibodies.
Observation of elevated lymphocyte levels; use monospot test
How does monospot test work?
- Blood taken from patient
- Serum separated from blood cells
- Guinea pig blood and patient blood placed on slide.
- Horse ertyhrocytes added
- Positive test reveals aglutination.
Virus in the blood causes what type of infection?
Uremic
Symptoms of Mono:
symptoms:
lethargy, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fever
This version of Hep is Acute; transmitted from food and water. Vaccine avAilable
Hepatitis A
This version of Hep is related to Blood and Body Fluid’ can cause cancer (carcinogenic protein). Vaccine availaBle.
Hepatitis B
This version of Hep is related to Chronic Cirrhosis. No vaccine.
Hep C
This version of Hep is Defective…it cannot function without “Hep B”. Need B to get this, so vaccine for B solves this!
Hep D.
Are Hepatitis viruses curable?
Yes. Unlike Herpes viruses they do not enter the DNA and stay around.
Is there a vaccine for rabies?
Yes. Even after bitten you can be treated with the vaccine!
Rabies attacks the nervous system causing brain degeneration and paralysis. Victims often have a hard time swallowing and may develop…
Hydrophobia and a fear of food.
Why is it possible we will wipe out polio like we did small pox?
It is a human to human disease with no vector. Only left in three countries since vaccinations available. Salk came up with shot, Sabin an oral.
True or False: Infected people shows signs of west nile infection immediately.
False. Most remain asymptomatic.
What is worst case scenario for condition caused by west nile?
On rare occasions patients develop encephalitis or meningitis.
