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Micro-101 Exam 3 > Chap 16 - Viral Infectons re Blood, Lymps, GI and Nervous > Flashcards

Chap 16 - Viral Infectons re Blood, Lymps, GI and Nervous Flashcards

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1
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis is a disease that affects the nervous system, lymphatic system or blood?

A

blood

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2
Q

This blood disease is caused by the epstein-barr virus (EBV)

A

Mononucleosis

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3
Q

Why is mono called the kissing disease?

A

Because it is spread by contact with saliva.

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4
Q

Mononucleosis and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) are a part of what family?

A

Herpes Family

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5
Q

Mono affects the B lymphocytes in the lymph node and spleen. What are the B lymphocytes responsible for producing?

A

WBCs /antibodies

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6
Q

Name the major complications associated with mono:

A

Ruptured spleen
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Alter DNA (cause cancer in some cases)

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7
Q

T or F - Mononucleosis is not a latent virus

A

False - it is a latent virus.

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8
Q

T or F - There is a vaccine for mononucleosis. The name is Besophlie.

A

False - There is not a vaccine for mono. There is also no cure. Ride it out! Treat symptoms.

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9
Q

This disease can accelerate the progression of HIV to AIDS and infecting many body tissues, including the retina and brain (affects nerves)

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - a form of herpes virus

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10
Q

T or F - CMV can be vertically transmitted from mother to child.

A

True; this is the group we worry about the most.

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11
Q

The at risks groups for CMV are ___ and ____.

A

Pregnant sluts (mom and baby can transmit vertically) and people with AIDs (way to go Tiph).

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12
Q

Hepatitis mean what?

A

Inflammation of the liver (usually caused by alcohol or virus)

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13
Q

Name the types of Hepatitis that have a vaccine

A

A, B, and D.

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14
Q

These two forms of Hepatitis are caused by food and water and are considered mild.

A

Hepatitis A and E.

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15
Q

This form of Hepatitis kills only pregnant women.

A

Hep E.

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16
Q

Why is there a vaccine for Hep D?

A

Because one can only have Hep D if they have Hep B, therefore, if you have been vaccinated for Hep B you have vaccinated yourself for Hep D.

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17
Q

Transmission of Hep B usually involves ___ or ___ ____ with body fluids. (Hint: B is for Blood and body fluid)

A

Direct or Indirect Contact (sexually transmitted is one route)

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18
Q

Hep B consists of what two virions: (hint both are antigens)

skipped in lecture

A

HBcAg (Hep B core Antigen) nucleocapsid

HBsAg (Hep B sufrace Antigen) enveloped

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19
Q

This Hep B virion consists of an envelop containing a surface antigen

A

HBsAg

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20
Q

This Hep B virion consists of a nucleocapsid surrounded by a core antigen

A

HBcAg

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21
Q

This infection is an STD that causes fatigue, dark urine, pain in liver and jaundice

A

Hep B

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22
Q

During the first 6 months of Hep B incubation, the virus infects the _____.

A

Liver

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23
Q

T or F - Dark urine and vomiting are not symptoms of Hep B

A

False- Dark Urine and vomiting ARE symptoms of Hep B

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24
Q

T or F - After the onset of jaundice (with Hep B) an immunity develops.

A

True; Rarely, if you do not recover it may leads to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

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25
Q

Name the types of Hepatitis that is transmitted by blood:

A

Heps: B, C, and D.

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26
Q

In Hep C, most cases develop a ___ ___ infection.

A

Symptomless chronic

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27
Q

This form of Hepatitis is the primary reason for liver transplants in the U.S.

A

Hep C

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28
Q

In Hep C, ____ and ___ cause accelerated damage.

A

Drug use and alcoholism.

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29
Q

This is the primary cause of liver transplants in the US

A

Cirrhosis

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30
Q

Flavivirusies are also called arboviruses because of what?

A

They are arthropodborne

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31
Q

3 Majors Hemorrhagic (cause internal bleeding) Fevers are:

A
  1. Yellow Fever
  2. Dengue Fever
  3. Ebooooollllaaaaaaa
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32
Q

This was the first disease associated with a virus

A

Yellow Fever discovered by Walter Reed (jungle animals are reservoir - mosquito is vector)

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33
Q

What is the vector for Yellow Fever and Dengue Fever

A

Mosquitos

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34
Q

How do people die from yellow fever?

A

Many patients enter a coma and dies from internal hemorrhaging; vaccine available but no drugs.

35
Q

What illness reappears in patients with the symptoms of black vomit, jaundice and delirium?

A

Yellow Fever

Black vomit, jaundice, and delirium (Tiph’s Fav beer, it’s lead me to get kicked off a plane before oops.)

36
Q

This disease occurs in four serotypes and two species of mosquitoes are the vector. It is name means “cramp-like attack” in swahili.

A

Dengue Fever

37
Q

This is also known as breakbone fever

A

Dengue Fever

38
Q

Why is dengue fever difficult to treat?

A

Because it occurs in four serotypes. The first time you get it, you make antibodies. When you get it a second time, the body tries the first antibodies but they no longer work.

39
Q

Dengue Fever is what kind of virus genome (DNA or RNA)

A

RNA

40
Q

This disease Filovirus looks like a thread. Filo means thread in Latin. What disease does this virus cause?

A

Ebolllaaaaaaa

41
Q

This disease causes a 50 to 90% mortality rate

A

Ebola.

42
Q

Ebola appears to be a zoonotic disease, the reservoir is ___ ___.

A

Fruit bats

43
Q

This virus causes damage to the endothelial cells, causing massive internal bleeding and hemorrhaging (leads to dehydration).

A

Eeeeeboooolllllaaa

44
Q

How can transmission occur with Ebola?

A

contact with blood or secretions from an infected person or contaminated objects.

45
Q

This disease is caused by a zoonotic virus carried by rodents (rats). It is transmitted through aerosol or direct contact with rodent excretion and/or contaminated food.

A

Lassa fever

46
Q

Members of the Arenaviridae are associated with chronic infections in ______.

A

Rodents

47
Q

Patchy blood-filed hemorrrhagic lesions of the throat are signs of this infection?

A

Lassa fever; can be deadly.

48
Q

Which forms of Hep are transmitted by the GI tract?

A

Hep A & E. (Enters your mouth and exits your Asshole)

49
Q

Hep A belongs to _______ family

A

Piconaviridae

50
Q

Viral gastroenterities is a general name for illnesses involving what symptoms:

A

diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, cramping, headache and malaise (always concerned for immunocompromised)

51
Q

Malaise means what?

A

Bad feelings (Mala = bad in espanol)

52
Q

Treatment for Rotavirus is what? Vaccine available??

A

Oral rehydration therapy; vaccine available

53
Q

T or F - Rotavirus infections are deadly infections in children

A

True; causes dehydration

54
Q

This infection is commonly associated with cruise ships?

A

Norovirus

55
Q

Nonbacterial gastroenteritis in adults is caused by?

A

Norovirus infections; leads to dehydration

56
Q

This GI infection causes hand, food, and mouth disease. One of the symptoms include a rash on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

A

Coxsackie virus

57
Q

Once symptoms have begun in this disease caused by a virus in the nervous system, it has the highest mortality rate of any human disease…

A

Rabies. Very few survivors.

58
Q

T or F - We will never be able to eradicate zoonic diseases

A

True

59
Q

______ rabies occurs in warm-blooded _____.

A

Animal / Animals

60
Q

What is the incubation period of Rabies. Severity of the infection depends on what?

A

6 days to 1 year. It depends on the location of the entry and the amount of the virus. (Closer to brain, worse off you are)

61
Q

Post- ____ ______ can be done after a rabies bite.

A

exposure immunization

62
Q

Furious rabies involves what symptoms

A
  1. Wide eyes
  2. Drooling
  3. Unprovoked attacks.
63
Q

Dumb rabies involves what symptoms

A
  1. Docile

2. Lethargic

64
Q

How are wild animals vaccinated?

A

with inoculated dog food and fish meal. (skipped in lecture)

65
Q

This viral infection of the nervous system enters through the GI Tract and infects the gray matter of the spinal cord and brain (meninges).

A

Polio aka poliomyelitis (Polio = gray; myelo = spinal cord)

If motor cortex can cause paralysis of limbs and trunk (image of little kids on crutches in legs casts like forest gump)

66
Q

Where in the body does the polio virus multiply:

A
  1. Tonsils
  2. Lymph tissue
  3. Gastrointestinal tract
67
Q

This type of polio this virus infects the MEDULLA, affecting nerves in the neck, face, and upper torso (paralyze breathing and you may die).

A

Bulbar polio

68
Q

This is an emerging disease in the Western hemisphere (LA was capital for a bit) has a bird reservoir and a mosquito vector.

A

West Nile virus.

69
Q

Arboviral Encephalitis is what?

A

An acute inflammation of the brain caused by an arthropod borne virus

70
Q

How is mononucleosis diagnosed?

A

When B cells are infected, they produce heterophile antibodies.

Observation of elevated lymphocyte levels; use monospot test

71
Q

How does monospot test work?

A
  1. Blood taken from patient
  2. Serum separated from blood cells
  3. Guinea pig blood and patient blood placed on slide.
  4. Horse ertyhrocytes added
  5. Positive test reveals aglutination.
72
Q

Virus in the blood causes what type of infection?

A

Uremic

73
Q

Symptoms of Mono:

A

symptoms:

lethargy, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fever

74
Q

This version of Hep is Acute; transmitted from food and water. Vaccine avAilable

A

Hepatitis A

75
Q

This version of Hep is related to Blood and Body Fluid’ can cause cancer (carcinogenic protein). Vaccine availaBle.

A

Hepatitis B

76
Q

This version of Hep is related to Chronic Cirrhosis. No vaccine.

A

Hep C

77
Q

This version of Hep is Defective…it cannot function without “Hep B”. Need B to get this, so vaccine for B solves this!

A

Hep D.

78
Q

Are Hepatitis viruses curable?

A

Yes. Unlike Herpes viruses they do not enter the DNA and stay around.

79
Q

Is there a vaccine for rabies?

A

Yes. Even after bitten you can be treated with the vaccine!

80
Q

Rabies attacks the nervous system causing brain degeneration and paralysis. Victims often have a hard time swallowing and may develop…

A

Hydrophobia and a fear of food.

81
Q

Why is it possible we will wipe out polio like we did small pox?

A

It is a human to human disease with no vector. Only left in three countries since vaccinations available. Salk came up with shot, Sabin an oral.

82
Q

True or False: Infected people shows signs of west nile infection immediately.

A

False. Most remain asymptomatic.

83
Q

What is worst case scenario for condition caused by west nile?

A

On rare occasions patients develop encephalitis or meningitis.

Micro-101 Exam 3 (6 decks)

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