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Micro-101 Exam 3 > Chap 15 - Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract and Skin > Flashcards

Chap 15 - Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract and Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is the chief cause of infections of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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2
Q

What temperature does the common cold thrive in?

A

33C (91.4F) (lower temperature of the nose)

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3
Q

T or F: There are more than 200 different virus strains that can cause the common cold

A

True

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4
Q

This type of virus are the frequent causes of acute upper respiratory infections such as acute febrile pharyngitis, and pharyngoconjunctivial fever and ARD.

A

Adenovirus; can also cause common cold.

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5
Q

Acute upper respiratory infections can cause these three issues:

A
  1. Acute Febrile Pharyngitis
  2. Pharyngoconjunctival fever
  3. Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD) in military recruits
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6
Q

This is a highly communicable acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract that is transmitted by airborne respiratory droplets.

A

Influenza

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7
Q

Since 1510, there have been how many influenza pandemics?

A

at least 31

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8
Q

Name the two types of SPIKES of influenza?

A

Hemaggalutin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)

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9
Q

This type of influenza spike helps the virion attach and penetrate host cells.

A

Hemagglutin (H)

H=Helps get in

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10
Q

This type of influenza spike helps release virirons from the host cell after replication and assembly.

A

Neuraminidase (N)

N=No more (helps get out)

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11
Q

This type of influenza strikes every year and causes most epidemics.

A

Influenza A

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12
Q

This type of influenza also strikes every year, however, it is less common than type A

A

Influenza B

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13
Q

This type of influenza causes a mild respiratory illness bur not epidemics (Mild form of flu)

A

Influenza C

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14
Q

Name two syndromes that are complications of influenza:

A 
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (damages Nerves) 
Reye Syndrome (from kids using aspirin)

FLUBAR

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15
Q

These viruses cause disease that affect the lower respiratory tract.

A

Paramyxovirus

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16
Q

Syncytia is what?

A

Giant tissue cell formed by the fusion of cells infected with respiratory syncytial viruses.

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17
Q

This disease is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus which infects the bronchioles and alveoli, causing formation of syncytia.

A

Respiratory Syncytial (RS) Disease

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18
Q

T or F: Parainfluenza is milder than influenza but has same symptoms.

A

True.

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19
Q

SARS stands for what? How is it transmitted?

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; sneezed or coughed on by sick person.

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20
Q

In 2003, SARS was known as an ____ ____ disease.

A

Emerging Infectious Disease

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21
Q

The reservoir for Hantavirus is what?

A

Deer mouse (shed from saliva, urine, feces); sweeping deer mouse feces dust is an example…

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22
Q

HSV stands for what?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (a provirus aka latent)

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23
Q

Cold Sores (upstairs) are contagious sores caused by the strand of HSV…

A

HSV-1

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24
Q

T or F: Herpes is not latent and immuno-suppressent.

A

False - Herpes is latent and appears when immuno-suppressed.

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25
After a primary infection in which we see sores, the virus becomes latent. Where are do the herpes viruses hide out during latency?
The Sensory ganglia
26
When the herpes virus is reactivated where does it move to?
The Epithelium
27
"Downstairs" (Gential) herpes virus is caused by what form?
HSV-2
28
T or F: Antivirals cure Herpes
False. There is no cure for herpes, but there are treatments. The antiviral medications can shorten and decrease the number of outbreaks.
29
The form of herpes causes an infection of the eye that can scar the cornea and cause blindness
Herpes Keratitis
30
This form of herpes transmitted from mother to child and is known as _____ ______.
Neonatal herpes; can delay mental development, cause blindness and seizures. C-section recommended to prevent.
31
The "V" in Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes what highly communicable disease?
Chickenpox; transmitted through skin contact and respiratory droplets.
32
The "Z" in Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes what?
Shingles
33
The chickenpox vaccine came out in ____ and is called _____
in 1995 / Varivax.
34
T or F - Shingles is a childhood disease
False - it is an adult disease and is usually present in people over 50
35
_____ is a vaccination to prevent shingles
Zostavax
36
This disease can cause facial paralysis, blisters & patches of red, and sever ice-pick pains.
Shingles
37
This infections is caused by Human Herpesvirus 6, occurs primary in infants, and is marked by high fever and red rash
Roseola
38
T or F: Many bone barrow transplant recipients suffer an HHV-6 viremia after transplantation
True
39
This is caused by HHV-8 forming dark or purple skin lesions. Commonly seen in AIDS patients.
Kaposi sarcoma (cancer)
40
This is a angiogenic (angio = relating to blood vessels; genic = genesis) tumor of the blood vessel walls
Kaposi sarcoma
41
T or F: Viruses can live from hours to weeks on surfaces
True
42
Why is it thought that you catch a cold from going outside in the cold?
Time of replication has to do with the temperature. The virus replicates faster in particular temperatures. (Flu at lower temperatures).
43
Fluid and fibrous build up in the lungs
Pneumonia
44
What are complications from measles
1. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (hardening across brain) 2. Paget's disease of the bone (fragile painful bones)
45
T or F - Measles is also known as Rubeola
True
46
___ ____ are red patches with white grain-like centers that appear along the gum line
Koplik spots.
47
___________ ___________ involves small changes to the virus. Inolves minor point mutations resulting from RNA replication errors.
Antigenic Drift (slowly drifting along)
48
___________ ___________ is an abrupt, major change in structure to influenza viruses, including genetic recombination. An example is swine flu.
Antigenic Shift (abruptly shifting); can cause a pandemic.
49
MMR vaccine stands for what?
Measles, Mumps and RubellaT
50
This is disease is also referred to as the German measles
Rubella
51
Cold sores, chicken pox, shingles, Kaposi sarcoma all have what virus in common?
Herpes virus, a large virion with double stranded DNA genome. Icosahedral, an envelope and spikes
52
As RNA mutates, the spikes change. How does this help to avoid antibodies?
Antibodies look for proteins such as spikes. Once the spikes change, they are no longer recognized by the antibodies.
53
MMR vaccine stands for what?
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
54
This is disease is also referred to as the German measles
Rubella
55
T or F: DNA is more stable than RNA
True. RNA Mutates.
56
Fifth disease is caused by what virus?
Human parvovirus B19
57
___ (____) is a contagious, and sometimes fatal, disease. The characteristics are papules, and fluid filled vesicles. When these break open it leaves a pitted scar (pocks)
Smallpox (variloa)
58
Plantar warts are located where?
On the soles of the feet.
59
T or F - Genital warts (condylomata) are often transmitted through sexual contact
True
60
What causes Common warts and Genital warts?
Human Paillomavirus (HPV)
61
_____ infections have had great impact on populations
Poxvirus
62
___ (____) is a contagious, and sometimes fatal, disease. The characteristics are papules, and fluid filled vesicles. When these break open it leaves a pitted scar (pocks)
Smallpox (variloa)
63
Why are many people in the US today not immune to smallpox?
Because vaccinations ceased in the US in 1972 after eradication occurred.
64
Chemical and structural changes in H and N spikes, yielding a new virus
antigenic variation
65
_______ ___________ involves small changes to the virus. Inolves minor point mutations resulting from RNA replication errors.
Antigenic Drift (slowly drifting along)
66
___________ ___________ is an abrupt, major change in structure to influenze viruses, including genetic recombination. An example is swine flu.
Antigenic Shift (abruptly shifting)
67
infections are usually caused by humans parainfluenza viruses # __ & # __.
1 & 3
68
Why do we see more instances of hantavirus during specific seasons such as rain season?
More rain, more vegetation leads to more deer mice.
69
Cold sores, chicken pox, shingles, Kaposi sarcoma all have what virus in common?
Herpes
70
What can cause the dormant herpes virus to become active?
Some form of trauma, often in response to stressful triggers such as fever, menstruation, or emotional disturbance, sunburn (UV light).
71
_____ ____ is the persistence of shingles pain for years after the blisters have disappeared.
PostHerpetic (post herpes) Neuralgia (pain along nerve)
72
What is the most common antiviral medication used to treat an infection caused by a herpes virus?
Acyclovir
73
What does MMR mean in reference to the MMR vaccine?
Measles, Mumps Rubella
74
Red patches with white centers called Koplik spots are a symtom of what disease?
Measles; usually accompanied by a fever.
75
SSPE stands for ?
Subacute Sclerosing PanEncephalitis
76
What is SSPE?
A rare brain disease characterized by a decrease in cognitive skills and loss of nervous function. (if it hardens across the brain...gonna impair nervous function and cognition)
77
The characteristic sign of this disease is enlarged jaw tissues arising from swollen parotid glands (glands that make saliva).
Mumps aka infectious parotitis
78
What causes the swelling in mumps?
blockage of ducts leading from parotid glands.
79
This disease is also called the German Measles...
Rubella
80
Symptoms of ____________ include an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular (chest) rash.
Rubella
81
Children who are infected through the placenta, are born with congenital rubella which can cause problems in which organs?
Eye (glaucoma, cataracts) Ear (deafness) Heart (heart defects)
82
Erythema Infectiosum is also known as?
Fifth Disease. It was the fifth disease that caused a rash.
83
What virus causes fifth disease?
Human Parvovirus B19
84
HPV causes cancer. What is a common symptom that appears on the skin when the virus is present?
Warts.
85
What is the vaccine available to defend against HPV?
Gardasil (guard against cancer)
86
This disease causes pink-red macules on the face and trunk that become papules and fluid filled vesicles. The vesicles become pustules. The pustules burst and become pocks.
Smallpox; caused by variola a poxvirus.

Micro-101 Exam 3 (6 decks)

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