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Micro-101 Exam 3 > Chap 15 - Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract and Skin > Flashcards

Chap 15 - Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract and Skin Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of virus is the chief cause of infections of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

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2
Q

What temperature does the common cold thrive in?

A

33C (91.4F) (lower temperature of the nose)

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3
Q

T or F: There are more than 200 different virus strains that can cause the common cold

A

True

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4
Q

This type of virus are the frequent causes of acute upper respiratory infections such as acute febrile pharyngitis, and pharyngoconjunctivial fever and ARD.

A

Adenovirus; can also cause common cold.

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5
Q

Acute upper respiratory infections can cause these three issues:

A
  1. Acute Febrile Pharyngitis
  2. Pharyngoconjunctival fever
  3. Acute Respiratory Disease (ARD) in military recruits
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6
Q

This is a highly communicable acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract that is transmitted by airborne respiratory droplets.

A

Influenza

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7
Q

Since 1510, there have been how many influenza pandemics?

A

at least 31

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8
Q

Name the two types of SPIKES of influenza?

A

Hemaggalutin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)

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9
Q

This type of influenza spike helps the virion attach and penetrate host cells.

A

Hemagglutin (H)

H=Helps get in

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10
Q

This type of influenza spike helps release virirons from the host cell after replication and assembly.

A

Neuraminidase (N)

N=No more (helps get out)

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11
Q

This type of influenza strikes every year and causes most epidemics.

A

Influenza A

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12
Q

This type of influenza also strikes every year, however, it is less common than type A

A

Influenza B

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13
Q

This type of influenza causes a mild respiratory illness bur not epidemics (Mild form of flu)

A

Influenza C

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14
Q

Name two syndromes that are complications of influenza:

A 
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (damages Nerves) 
Reye Syndrome (from kids using aspirin)

FLUBAR

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15
Q

These viruses cause disease that affect the lower respiratory tract.

A

Paramyxovirus

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16
Q

Syncytia is what?

A

Giant tissue cell formed by the fusion of cells infected with respiratory syncytial viruses.

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17
Q

This disease is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus which infects the bronchioles and alveoli, causing formation of syncytia.

A

Respiratory Syncytial (RS) Disease

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18
Q

T or F: Parainfluenza is milder than influenza but has same symptoms.

A

True.

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19
Q

SARS stands for what? How is it transmitted?

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; sneezed or coughed on by sick person.

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20
Q

In 2003, SARS was known as an ____ ____ disease.

A

Emerging Infectious Disease

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21
Q

The reservoir for Hantavirus is what?

A

Deer mouse (shed from saliva, urine, feces); sweeping deer mouse feces dust is an example…

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22
Q

HSV stands for what?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (a provirus aka latent)

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23
Q

Cold Sores (upstairs) are contagious sores caused by the strand of HSV…

A

HSV-1

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24
Q

T or F: Herpes is not latent and immuno-suppressent.

A

False - Herpes is latent and appears when immuno-suppressed.

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25
Q

After a primary infection in which we see sores, the virus becomes latent. Where are do the herpes viruses hide out during latency?

A

The Sensory ganglia

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26
Q

When the herpes virus is reactivated where does it move to?

A

The Epithelium

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27
Q

“Downstairs” (Gential) herpes virus is caused by what form?

A

HSV-2

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28
Q

T or F: Antivirals cure Herpes

A

False. There is no cure for herpes, but there are treatments. The antiviral medications can shorten and decrease the number of outbreaks.

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29
Q

The form of herpes causes an infection of the eye that can scar the cornea and cause blindness

A

Herpes Keratitis

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30
Q

This form of herpes transmitted from mother to child and is known as _____ ______.

A

Neonatal herpes; can delay mental development, cause blindness and seizures. C-section recommended to prevent.

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31
Q

The “V” in Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes what highly communicable disease?

A

Chickenpox; transmitted through skin contact and respiratory droplets.

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32
Q

The “Z” in Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) causes what?

A

Shingles

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33
Q

The chickenpox vaccine came out in ____ and is called _____

A

in 1995 / Varivax.

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34
Q

T or F - Shingles is a childhood disease

A

False - it is an adult disease and is usually present in people over 50

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35
Q

_____ is a vaccination to prevent shingles

A

Zostavax

36
Q

This disease can cause facial paralysis, blisters & patches of red, and sever ice-pick pains.

A

Shingles

37
Q

This infections is caused by Human Herpesvirus 6, occurs primary in infants, and is marked by high fever and red rash

A

Roseola

38
Q

T or F: Many bone barrow transplant recipients suffer an HHV-6 viremia after transplantation

A

True

39
Q

This is caused by HHV-8 forming dark or purple skin lesions. Commonly seen in AIDS patients.

A

Kaposi sarcoma (cancer)

40
Q

This is a angiogenic (angio = relating to blood vessels; genic = genesis) tumor of the blood vessel walls

A

Kaposi sarcoma

41
Q

T or F: Viruses can live from hours to weeks on surfaces

A

True

42
Q

Why is it thought that you catch a cold from going outside in the cold?

A

Time of replication has to do with the temperature. The virus replicates faster in particular temperatures. (Flu at lower temperatures).

43
Q

Fluid and fibrous build up in the lungs

A

Pneumonia

44
Q

What are complications from measles

A
  1. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (hardening across brain)
  2. Paget’s disease of the bone (fragile painful bones)
45
Q

T or F - Measles is also known as Rubeola

A

True

46
Q

___ ____ are red patches with white grain-like centers that appear along the gum line

A

Koplik spots.

47
Q

___________ ___________ involves small changes to the virus. Inolves minor point mutations resulting from RNA replication errors.

A

Antigenic Drift (slowly drifting along)

48
Q

___________ ___________ is an abrupt, major change in structure to influenza viruses, including genetic recombination. An example is swine flu.

A

Antigenic Shift (abruptly shifting); can cause a pandemic.

49
Q

MMR vaccine stands for what?

A

Measles, Mumps and RubellaT

50
Q

This is disease is also referred to as the German measles

A

Rubella

51
Q

Cold sores, chicken pox, shingles, Kaposi sarcoma all have what virus in common?

A

Herpes virus, a large virion with double stranded DNA genome. Icosahedral, an envelope and spikes

52
Q

As RNA mutates, the spikes change. How does this help to avoid antibodies?

A

Antibodies look for proteins such as spikes. Once the spikes change, they are no longer recognized by the antibodies.

53
Q

MMR vaccine stands for what?

A

Measles, Mumps and Rubella

54
Q

This is disease is also referred to as the German measles

A

Rubella

55
Q

T or F: DNA is more stable than RNA

A

True. RNA Mutates.

56
Q

Fifth disease is caused by what virus?

A

Human parvovirus B19

57
Q

___ (____) is a contagious, and sometimes fatal, disease. The characteristics are papules, and fluid filled vesicles. When these break open it leaves a pitted scar (pocks)

A

Smallpox (variloa)

58
Q

Plantar warts are located where?

A

On the soles of the feet.

59
Q

T or F - Genital warts (condylomata) are often transmitted through sexual contact

A

True

60
Q

What causes Common warts and Genital warts?

A

Human Paillomavirus (HPV)

61
Q

_____ infections have had great impact on populations

A

Poxvirus

62
Q

___ (____) is a contagious, and sometimes fatal, disease. The characteristics are papules, and fluid filled vesicles. When these break open it leaves a pitted scar (pocks)

A

Smallpox (variloa)

63
Q

Why are many people in the US today not immune to smallpox?

A

Because vaccinations ceased in the US in 1972 after eradication occurred.

64
Q

Chemical and structural changes in H and N spikes, yielding a new virus

A

antigenic variation

65
Q

_______ ___________ involves small changes to the virus. Inolves minor point mutations resulting from RNA replication errors.

A

Antigenic Drift (slowly drifting along)

66
Q

___________ ___________ is an abrupt, major change in structure to influenze viruses, including genetic recombination. An example is swine flu.

A

Antigenic Shift (abruptly shifting)

67
Q

infections are usually caused by humans parainfluenza viruses # __ & # __.

A

1 & 3

68
Q

Why do we see more instances of hantavirus during specific seasons such as rain season?

A

More rain, more vegetation leads to more deer mice.

69
Q

Cold sores, chicken pox, shingles, Kaposi sarcoma all have what virus in common?

A

Herpes

70
Q

What can cause the dormant herpes virus to become active?

A

Some form of trauma, often in response to stressful triggers such as fever, menstruation, or emotional disturbance, sunburn (UV light).

71
Q

_____ ____ is the persistence of shingles pain for years after the blisters have disappeared.

A

PostHerpetic (post herpes) Neuralgia (pain along nerve)

72
Q

What is the most common antiviral medication used to treat an infection caused by a herpes virus?

A

Acyclovir

73
Q

What does MMR mean in reference to the MMR vaccine?

A

Measles, Mumps Rubella

74
Q

Red patches with white centers called Koplik spots are a symtom of what disease?

A

Measles; usually accompanied by a fever.

75
Q

SSPE stands for ?

A

Subacute Sclerosing PanEncephalitis

76
Q

What is SSPE?

A

A rare brain disease characterized by a decrease in cognitive skills and loss of nervous function. (if it hardens across the brain…gonna impair nervous function and cognition)

77
Q

The characteristic sign of this disease is enlarged jaw tissues arising from swollen parotid glands (glands that make saliva).

A

Mumps aka infectious parotitis

78
Q

What causes the swelling in mumps?

A

blockage of ducts leading from parotid glands.

79
Q

This disease is also called the German Measles…

A

Rubella

80
Q

Symptoms of ____________ include an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular (chest) rash.

A

Rubella

81
Q

Children who are infected through the placenta, are born with congenital rubella which can cause problems in which organs?

A

Eye (glaucoma, cataracts)
Ear (deafness)
Heart (heart defects)

82
Q

Erythema Infectiosum is also known as?

A

Fifth Disease. It was the fifth disease that caused a rash.

83
Q

What virus causes fifth disease?

A

Human Parvovirus B19

84
Q

HPV causes cancer. What is a common symptom that appears on the skin when the virus is present?

A

Warts.

85
Q

What is the vaccine available to defend against HPV?

A

Gardasil (guard against cancer)

86
Q

This disease causes pink-red macules on the face and trunk that become papules and fluid filled vesicles. The vesicles become pustules. The pustules burst and become pocks.

A

Smallpox; caused by variola a poxvirus.

Micro-101 Exam 3 (6 decks)

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