Chap 15 psych treatments Flashcards
What is psychopharmacology
A study on how drugs affect the brain
What is psychomedication
The medication for treating mental illnesses and that interfere with neurotransmitter
What is a psychiatrist
A medical doctor who specializes in treatment of mental illness ( they are the only one who can prescribe medication)
When were antipsychotic drugs first appeared
In the 1950’s
What are some classics antipsychotics
Reserpine and Thorazine
What are the effects of reserpine and Thorazine
In schizophrenia, they are used to having high dopamine, but with the drugs they are lowering the activity by blocking dopamine receptors
What are some drawbacks
It only manages the positive symptoms and is not effective with the negative
What are some physical drawbacks of reserpine and thorazine
They affect extrapyramidal symptoms ( abnormal movements) and are linked with tardive dyskinesia ( uncontrollable tics in the body)
What is the revolving door patient
The patient is in and out of the hospital because of the side effects when they stopped the medication
What is the newer generation of medication called
atypical antipsychotic
What is an example of atypical antipsychotic drug
clozapine
What are some advantages of atypical antipsychotic drugs
They affect only the places associated with schizophrenia, They influence dopamine,serotonin, norepininpherin and Ach
What are the disadvantages of atypical antipsychotic
Similar effects witht he classics, they are not much more effective
What are the negative effects of Clozapine
Affects and influences the immune system and weakens it ( can be reversed)
What is psychotherapy
When people go all together to talk about the patient’s problem
Is the family environment important
YES, if the family is disfunctional they are more likely to relapse
How was depression treated before
With amphetamines and opioids, however HIGHLY ADDICTIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES)
How is depression described
With low levels of serotonin, noreepinepherine, dopamine and glutamate
What do antidepressants influence
They influence more than neurotransmitters
What re the first generation of neurotransmitters
MAO inhibitors and tricyclics
What does the first generation of antidepressent do
They enhance the activity of monoamines
What and how are MAO inhibitors with depression
Enhance dopamine,NE and serotonin , they block the degradation of it
What is MAO
An enzyme in the liver that breaks down monoamines and tyramine
What and how are the effects of tricyclics
They effect NE and serotonin and they block the reuptake
What happened in the 2nd and 3rd generation
They all had similar effect and side effects ( no improvement)
What are SSRI’s
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
What are the effects of prozac
Effective and few side effect , it takes a few weeks before we feel it
Why does it take a few weeks before we feel something
In neurogenesis they will form new neurons, they also enhance connectivity
Who are Prozac cousins
Zoloft and paxil
What are the 4th generation of antidepressant known as
a dual-reuptake inhibitors
What does ketamine help with
Glutamate
What are anxiolytics
Treat anxiety
What are some benzodiazepine
xanax and valium
How are benzodiazepine considered as Nervous system depressants
They slow andreduce the activity of the nervous system
What does benzodiazepine do
They calm down, relax muscles and promote sleep.
What are the effects of benzodiazepine in the brain
They reduce the activity of the amygdala and they enhance the activity of GABA ( neurotransmitter)
What are some drawbacks of benzodiazepine
THye slowdown thinking,impair judgment,reduce alertness,slow reaction time, can lead to coma or death , are highly addictive, they are deadly when taking it with alcohol.
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Two electrodes are places in the skull to deliver current to the brain
What is the goal of ECT
Cause a seizure in the brain
Why and what is it used for ( ECT)
To reduce seizures and can be used for depression as a last resort
What are some side effects of ECT
Memory problems that can be resolved
who started using ect
Ugo cerletti and lucio bini
Why does ECT have a bad reputation
How it was portrayed in media,they would give it even if they didn’t do what they wanted, get rid of gayness, the nazi used it
What is the goal of psychological therapies
to treat mental illness
What is the therapeutic alliance
A strong bond with your therapist will increase the probability of success
Who is responsible for psychoanalysis
FREUD
What does psychoanalysis aim to do
To access the unconcious mind and help resolve childhood conflicts
What is free association
To say the very first words that come to mind without censorship
What is resistance analysis
When a patient starts to resist therapeutic processes
What is repression in resistance analysis
Do whatever they can to stop ourselves to access the unconscious mind ( ex: cancel appointments, change topics)
What is regression in resistance analysis
We go back to old conflicts that have been resolved and not on the new stuff
what is denial in resistance analysis
When we think our life is wonderful and don’t need therapy anymore.
What is transference analysis
Developing strong feelings for their therapist like being mad, the therapist understand its not to them, but to a situation or a person in their life and try to make them understand
What is dream analysis
Our unresolve conflicts will appear in our dreams but in form of symbols.
What is a manifest content
The story line in the dream
What is the latent content of the dream
The symbolism behind the dream
What is a freudian slip
We mean to say one word but we say another one with a completely different meaning
What is an interpretation of psychoanalyst
The therapist will pay attention to everything and have to do things at the right time.
What is the main principle of operant conditioning technique
The behaviour is controlled by its consequences
what happens when there’s a desirable consequence
it will continue
What happens when there’s an undesirable consequence
likely not going to repeat itself
How can we desensitize ourselves of a fear
1.We will set a hierarchy of frightening situations
2.We will then spend time to learn and relax our bodies
3, In a real sate we will dace our fears and move hieracies, we stop when when were distress, then we calm down and go back again.
What is the point of cognitive therapy
To identify maladaptive ways of thinking an challenging them to have a more adaptive way of thinking
Who is studying cognitive therapies
Ellis and beck
What is ellis known for
Rational emotive therapy
What is the ABC model
A: adverse events
B: Belief
C: Consequences
What is Beck known for
Cognitive therapies for depression
What does beck think of ct
People with depression have a strong negative bias way of thinking
What does beck use to help people with depression
Thought recors, where they write about their feelings,
