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PS102 > chap 13: social psych > Flashcards

chap 13: social psych Flashcards

1
Q

social psychology

A

studies how to understand thoughts, feelings, behaviours influenced by actual, imagined, implied presence of others

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2
Q

social cognition

A

how ppl perceive, interpret, categorize own and others behaviour

attitudes: stable in evaluation of things/ppl
- develop via socialization w parents, teachers, peers

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3
Q

ABCs model of attitudes

A

affective component: how we feel towards obj

behavioural comp: how we act towards obj

cognitive comp: how we believe abt obj

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4
Q

self perception theory

A

when ppl are uncertain abt attitudes, infer attitudes based on own behaviour

i.e. think awake until yawn, then tired

behaviour –> interpretation –> attitudes

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5
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

state of emotional discomfort when 2 beliefs contradict w e/o or a belief contradicts behaviour

person changes belief to justify actions

given $1 vs $20
- 20 ppl have less dissonance bcs less justification
- 1 ppl have inc dissonance, therefore begin to BELIEVE it was interesting to justify selves

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6
Q

attitude strength

A

stronger attitude = more predictable behaviour

i.e. vegan advocate, will go to protest

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7
Q

attitude specificity

A

more specific and attitude, more likely to predict behaviour

i.e. like ateez, will download music

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8
Q

implicit attitudes

A

attitude you’re unaware of i.e. bias

actions show it regardless of vocal belief

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9
Q

bogus pipeline technique

A

ppl hooked up to “lie detector” more likely to tell truth about attitudes

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10
Q

social desirability

A

state attitude that mirrors others or what you think they want from you

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11
Q

stereotypes vs prejudice

A

prejudice
- -ve and unjust feelings abt individs based on inclusion in group

stereotype
- oversimplified and generalized beliefs abt ppl

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12
Q

why do we sterotype/prejudice

A
  1. categorization effect: we categorize things based on similarity
  2. evolutionary perspective: may be adaptive value i.e. friend v foe
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13
Q

social identity theory

A

emphasis on cog factors of prejudice

  1. social categorization: person affiliates w group, sees how to act
  2. social identity: person forms identity w/in group
  3. social comparison: group members compares group favourably compared to others, feel superior
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14
Q

realisitc conflict theory

A

amount of actual conflicts b/w groups i.e. resource comp, determines amount of prejudice

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15
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

focus on superficial info to change attitudes i.e. attraction to speaker

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16
Q

central route persuasion

A

focus on content, factual info and logic to change attitudes`

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17
Q

factors that inc persuasion

A
  • source is trustworthy
  • source is similar to us
  • presents both sides of case
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18
Q

appeals to fear

A

make it seem like smth bad will happen if don’t comply
- needs reputable source, explicit recommendation of what to do to prevent bad thing

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19
Q

door in the face

A

ask smth big that will get turned down, then ask for small thing rlly wanted

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20
Q

foot in the door

A

agree to smth small before asking for smth bigger

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21
Q

dispositional attribution

A

behaviour was caused by characteristic of person i.e. rude bcs mean person

22
Q

attribution

A

causal explanations of behaviour

23
Q

situational attribution

A

behaviour caused by situation

i.e. rude bcs bad day

24
Q

actor-observer effect

A

tend to make situational attributions abt own behaviour and dispositional towards others

  • actors (us) w situational
  • observers (others) w dispositional

excuse own actions bcs circumstance and hold others accountable

25
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tend to use dispositional attributions to explain others

26
Q

self-serving bias

A

tend to attribute success to dispositional causes and failures to situational causes
- may be for self-esteem

27
Q

depressive realism

A

depressed ppl have more realistic self image

28
Q

negative effect

A

ppl are limited by social role

29
Q

social role

A

set of norms for person’s social position

can be communal characteristics i.e. women must all act a certain way

30
Q

injunctive norm

A

expectations of what must do i.e. signs saying don’t litter

31
Q

descriptive norm

A

based on expectations of what we do

i.e. don’t litter at museum w/o instructions

32
Q

conformity

A

tendency to yield to social pressure
- influenced by group size and unanimity: if even one person disagrees, less likely to conform

33
Q

asch studies

A

supposed to match 3 lines to one on other paper
- start all giving correct answer, then group gives wrong one
- 75% conforms

34
Q

conformity and culture

A

individ cultures: think conformity bad, want to stand out and have own identity

collective cultures: blending in = good, conforming is respecting others

35
Q

obedience

A

following direct demands, usually given by authority figures

36
Q

milgram experiment

A

see how ppl obey authority, even when hurting others

  • person w lab coat, participant is “teacher,” actor is “leaner”
  • teacher gives electric shock to learner if get answer wrong
    -65% go to deadly dangerous lvls, all went min 300 votls
37
Q

follow ups to milgram experiment

A
  1. salience of victim’s suffering: more obvious suffering is, less likely to obey
    - i.e. see face
  2. proximity to victim: if in same room, less likely
  3. responsibility: if have to put learner’s hand on electrode, less likely
  4. presence of disobedient person: if other ppl refuse to continue, will also stop
38
Q

types of group tasks and productivity

A
  1. additive task: all members perform same task i.e. relay race
    - productivity inc w more members
  2. divisible task: divided among members i.e. project
    - inc if have leader
  3. conjunctive task: group is as productive as weakest member i.e. hike
    - productivity based on group strength
  4. disjunctive task: single solution needed, strongest member gives solution i.e. rlly hard math problem
39
Q

group polarization

A

initial attitudes inc in group, ppl get more extreme in views
- in large groups, ppl w sim groups join tgt and ignore others

40
Q

egoistic helping behaviour

A

help to reassure self or dec anxiety/guilt
- can also be for rewards

41
Q

altruism

A

self-sacrificing behaviour to benefit others w/o concern for self

42
Q

bystander effect

A

more help available, less likely to receive it

diffusion of responsibility: responsibility shared in large group, assume someone else will help

43
Q

aggression and alcohol

A

aggro inc, even if THINK had alcohol i.e. placebo

44
Q

relational vs direct aggression

A

relation aggression: snub, gossip, exclude to vent frustration
- inc in women

direct aggression: phys and verbal abuse
- inc in men

45
Q

process of attraction

A

cog aspects we like of person
affectively experience feelings
behaviourally act towards person

46
Q

factors of liking someone

A
  1. similarity, if similar like LONGER
  2. proximity
  3. self-disclosure, like ppl who share info and will give it in return
  4. situational factors i.e. funny 1st meeting
  5. phys attractiveness
47
Q

sternberg’s triangular theory of love

A

3 factors: commitment, intimacy, passion

companiote love: high commitment and intimacy

fatuous love: high commitment and passion

romantic love: high intimacy and passion

consummate love: high all 3

48
Q

types of relationships and attachments

A

secure: comfortable, don’t fear being close or abandoned

avoidant: uncomfortable trusting others

anxious-ambivalent: insecure and worried partner doesn’t love them, will leave

49
Q

stages of loving relationship

A

exploration: trying possible rewards/costs of relationship

bargaining: implicitly negotiate relationship terms

institutionalization: become exclusive, shared expectations

50
Q

brain involvement in social functioning

A

orbitofrontal cortex: social reasoning, reward eval, emotion and reading ppl

ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC): process rewards and punish, interpret non-verbal info

insula: empathy and reading others

insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC): perception of phys and emotional pain

PS102 (9 decks)

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