Chap 1

Question 1

What’s psychology

Answer 1

The term psychology epistemologically. It is the study of the mind, soul or spirit. 

Question 2

How is psychology defined by scholars?

Answer 2

It is defined by scholars as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 3

How do you define scientific study, behavior and mental processes?

Answer 3

Scientific study : the scientific methods that psychologist use to observe human and animal behavior to draw conclusions

Behavior is the outward or any observable, actions or responses

Mental process is an non-observable action

Question 4

What are the goals of psychology

Answer 4

Psychology has four goals:
1 : describe
2 : understand
3 : predict
4 : control behavior

Question 5

what is the historical development of psychology

Answer 5

it was started in 1879
in germany by wilhelm wundt
until the 20’s : it was first called the science of mental life
but then became a science of behavior
after the 60’s it became a science of both mental process and behavior

Question 6

by what do the early schools of psychology differ with

Answer 6

1. the object of the study : what theyre studying
2. the goal :
3. the method they use : observation , case studies etc..

Question 7

How many early schools of psychology are there? What are they?

Answer 7

There are five early schools of psychology:

1. Structuralism.
2. Functionalism.
3. Gestalt psychology.
4. Behaviorism.
5. Psychoanalysis.

Question 8

Structuralism

Answer 8

its developed by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener
it tries to analyze the the structure of mental life into basic elements of experience
the method used is introspection

Question 9

Functionalism

Answer 9

developed by William james
it studies what the mind does and how it functions. As well as how behavior allows people to satisfy their needs and how it permits people to adopt to their environment

Question 10

Gestalt psychology

Answer 10

developed by Max Wertheimer
its the study of the whole mind
it believes that the mind is not made of combinations of elements

Question 11

Behaviorism psychology

Answer 11

developed by : John b Watson
its the study of observable and measurable behaviors and not hidden processes
3 characteristics :
- conditional response
- learned behavior
- focus on animal behavior

Question 12

psychoanalysis psychology

Answer 12

developed by: freud sigmund
it studies the components of the unconscious part of the mind
- distress leads to conflicts and trauma
- dreams , slip of the tongue and jokes
- methods: hypnosis and dream analysis

Question 13

How many modern schools of psychology are there? What are they

Answer 13

There are six modern schools of psychology
1. Psychodynamic perspective.
2. Behavioral perspective.
3. Humanistic perspective.
4. Cognitive perspective,
5. biological perspective,
6. sociocultural perspective.

Question 14

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 14

it emphasizes on unconscious triggered inner conflicts.
1. the influence of unconscious mental behavior on everyday behavior
2. the role of child personality in determining adult personality
3. the role of intrapersonal conflict in determining human behavior

Question 15

behavioral perspective

Answer 15

emphasis on learning experiences/ environment in shaping the behavior of an organism
it affects the persons actions in maintaining or discouraging specific behaviors

Question 16

humanistic perspective

Answer 16

human behavior is determined by the uniqueness of human beings and their subjective experiences

the goal is to help people express themselves creatively and achieve their full potential

Question 17

Cognitive perspective

Answer 17

focuses on the study of mental processes and emphasizes what goes on in peoples head

Question 18

biological perspective

Answer 18

focuses on how our genes , hormones and nervous system interact with our environments t influence learning personality etc..

Question 19

socio-cultural perspective

Answer 19

it stresses on the impact of social and cultural seating on our behavior

Question 20

What are the subfields of psychology?

Answer 20

1. Developmental psychology,
2. personality psychology,
3. social psychology,
4. cross-cultural psychology,
5. industrial psychology
6. forensic psychology,
7. educational, psychology,
8. health psychology,
9. clinical psychology,
10. counseling psychology,
11. psychiatry

Question 21

What are the research methods in psychology?

Answer 21

1. scientific method; testing
2. theory : explain
3. hypotheses : proposition
4. descriptive research: recording observations
5. case study : study of a person or group
6. survey : gathering data
7. correlations : examine the relationship between 2 observations
8. experimental research : determine cause and effect