Chaoter 24.3 Onwards Fundamental Force Wnd Psrticles

Question 1

What is antimatter why is it a thing

Answer 1

Just like energy , matter conserved too

Antimatter and matter was created equally in big bangs

Question 2

What are properties of antimatter

Answer 2

Have same mass but

OPPSITE charge
Spin etc

Question 3

What are all subatomic particles (matter and anti) split into 2 groups

Answer 3

Hadrons and leptons

Question 4

How ti classify hadrons and leptons

Answer 4

Hadrons can experience all 4 fundamental forces particularly string nuclear

Leptons can’t experience strong nuclear

Question 5

What are the 4 fundamental forces and why are they fundamental + ranges

Answer 5

String, weak nuclear ranges are very small (fm and less)

Grav and electromag with infinite range

Fundamental = they can explain every interaction on any level

Question 6

What is hadrons split into and how to classify

Answer 6

Split into baryons and mesons

Baryons from 3 combo quark, mesons quark anti quark

Question 7

What do we need to know for hadrons in particular for course

Answer 7

2 examples, protons neutrons which are hadrons and thus have 3 combo quark

Question 8

What are quarks

Answer 8

Quarks is a fundamental particle. There are 6 of them and these make up all hadrons and 6 anti

However only need to know up down and strange

Question 9

What are the fundamental particles then
All examples we need to know

Answer 9

Leptons and quarks

From leptons = neutrino and electrons, and anti

Question 10

What is proton and neutron quark combo

Answer 10

UUD for protom

UDD for neutron

And reverse for anti

Question 11

Charged in up down strange

Answer 11

Up = 2/3
Down =-1/3
Strange =-1/3

And anti is OPPSITE

Question 12

How to use charges fo quarks to find the charge of overal hadron or vice Verca

Answer 12

Add all the charges on quarks

So protom = 2/3 + 2/3 -1/3 = 1e! Which is as we expect

Question 13

What leptons do we need to know for course

Answer 13

Electron , neutrino and anti versions

Question 14

How to remember what happens in beta minus and beta plus decay

Answer 14

Beta minus a minus particle emitted = electron
Beta plus a positive particle emitted = positron

And where matter released, antimatter released and vice Verca

So for beta minus as electron released we get anti electron neutrino
For beta plus we get positron so we got normal electron neutrino

Question 15

What happens in beta minus

Answer 15

A neutron = proton + electron + anti electron neutrino

Question 16

Beta plus what happens

Answer 16

A protom= neutron + positron + electron neutrino

Question 17

How to Remmeber what changes proton to neutron or neutron to proton

Answer 17

For beta minus think if electron emitted so is proton , and that’s how you can remember

Question 18

What happens in terms of quark decay in beta minus / plus

Answer 18

Well in minus a neutron becomes a proton, thus it goes from udd to uud
- as a result one d has decayed into a u

For beat plus a proton becomes a neutron
- thus uud to udd
- and a u decays to a d

Question 19

How to rewrite beta minus and plus decay usign quarks
How is charge conserved Even in These equations

Answer 19

Beta minus
D —> u + electron + anti electorn neutrino
-1/3 —> 2/3 - 1 = -1/3 = conserved

Beta plus

U —> d + positron + electorn neutino

2/3 —> -1/3 + 1 = 2/3 = charge conserved

Question 20

What’s the firce that is responsible for beta decay

Answer 20

Weak NUCKEAR force responsible for beta decay

Question 21

What even is a neutrino

Answer 21

Neutrino is just a charmless very massless thing, whole purpose is so that conservation of momentum etc isn’t violated in beta decay

Question 22

What quantities conserved in beta decays

Answer 22

Mass AND charge conserved specifically

Question 23

Why in bith beta decays does the element change

Answer 23

Because beta minus neutron ti proton, so increase proton number

Beta plus proton to neutron, decrease proton number

Question 24

Remember when writing equations with elements and experiences a decay what you automatically do

Answer 24

Automatically account for neutron or proton change

Question 25

Remmeber anythign jeutron neutrino has no charge thus can’t be deflected by

Answer 25

MAGENTIC fields!

Only positive and negative things can be deflected by those and electric fields

Question 26

When they say what forces do EACH NUCLEON EXPERIENCE what do they want (be careful)

Answer 26

Each nucleon no matter protom or neutron experiences grav + string nuclear

Don’t lack and say electrostatic firce because only the protons experience this, not all nucleons