Changing population and places Definitions Flashcards
Demographic Transition Model(DTM)
a theoretical framework that describes the transition of a country from its pre-industrial stage with high crude birth rates and high crude death rates to an economically advanced stage with low or declining crude birth rates and low death rates
Crude birth rate(CBR)
the number of live births in a year per 1,000 people in the total population
Crude death rate(CDR)
the number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people in the total population
Infant mortality rate
the number of infants who die under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a year
Life expectancy
the average age to which people are expected to live, usually from birth, assuming that demographic factors remain unchanged
Total fertility rate(TFR)
the average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age(15-49)
Literacy rate
the proportion of the adult population aged 15 years and over which is literate(can read and write) in a specific area
Natural increase(NIR)
the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths over a period of time
Doubling time
the number of years taken for a population to double in size
Population momentum
the tendency for a population to grow(despite a fall in the birth rate or fertility levels) due to the relatively high concentration of people in the pre-childbearing and childbearing years(15-49)
Population projections
predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration
Dependency ratio
the ratio of the number of dependents to the total working-age population in a country or region
Purchasing Power Parity(PPP)
a measure of the relative value of currencies that compares the prices of purchasing a fixed basket of goods and services in different countries
Migration
the movement of people from one place to another
Forced migration
the movement of refugees and internally displaced people(those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects
Conflict-induced displacement
a type of forced migration involving people who are forced to move due to armed conflict(e.g. civil war, violence, persecution, etc.)
Development-induced displacement
a type of forced migration involving people who are forced to move due to large-scale infrastructure projects(e.g. dams, mining, conservation schemes, urban redevelopment, etc.)
Disaster-induced displacement
a type of forced migration involving people who are forced to move because of natural disasters(e.g. volcanoes, hurricanes), environmental change(e.g. global warming, desertification, land degradation) and human-induced disasters(e.g. releases of radiation and chemicals)
Refugee
a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of a well-founded fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, membership in a political social group or political opinion
Asylum seeker
a person who has left their country of origin in search of protection in another country,, but whose claim for refugee status has not been decided
Internally displaced people(IDPs)
groups of people who have been forced to flee their home due to armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights, or natural or man-made disasters, and who are still living within their own country
Development displacees
people compelled to move as a result of policies and projects to promote development
Environmental and disaster displacees(also called environmental refugees/disaster refugees)
individuals forced to migrate due to natural disasters, environmental change, or human-induced disasters
Child mortality
the number of child deaths under the age of 5 per 1,000 live births
