Changing population and places Definitions

Question 1

Demographic Transition Model(DTM)

Answer 1

a theoretical framework that describes the transition of a country from its pre-industrial stage with high crude birth rates and high crude death rates to an economically advanced stage with low or declining crude birth rates and low death rates

Question 2

Crude birth rate(CBR)

Answer 2

the number of live births in a year per 1,000 people in the total population

Question 3

Crude death rate(CDR)

Answer 3

the number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people in the total population

Question 4

Infant mortality rate

Answer 4

the number of infants who die under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a year

Question 5

Life expectancy

Answer 5

the average age to which people are expected to live, usually from birth, assuming that demographic factors remain unchanged

Question 6

Total fertility rate(TFR)

Answer 6

the average number of births per thousand women of childbearing age(15-49)

Question 7

Literacy rate

Answer 7

the proportion of the adult population aged 15 years and over which is literate(can read and write) in a specific area

Question 8

Natural increase(NIR)

Answer 8

the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths over a period of time

Question 9

Doubling time

Answer 9

the number of years taken for a population to double in size

Question 10

Population momentum

Answer 10

the tendency for a population to grow(despite a fall in the birth rate or fertility levels) due to the relatively high concentration of people in the pre-childbearing and childbearing years(15-49)

Question 11

Population projections

Answer 11

predictions about future population based on trends in fertility, mortality and migration

Question 12

Dependency ratio

Answer 12

the ratio of the number of dependents to the total working-age population in a country or region

Question 13

Purchasing Power Parity(PPP)

Answer 13

a measure of the relative value of currencies that compares the prices of purchasing a fixed basket of goods and services in different countries

Question 14

Migration

Answer 14

the movement of people from one place to another

Question 15

Forced migration

Answer 15

the movement of refugees and internally displaced people(those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine or development projects

Question 16

Conflict-induced displacement

Answer 16

a type of forced migration involving people who are forced to move due to armed conflict(e.g. civil war, violence, persecution, etc.)

Question 17

Development-induced displacement

Answer 17

a type of forced migration involving people who are forced to move due to large-scale infrastructure projects(e.g. dams, mining, conservation schemes, urban redevelopment, etc.)

Question 18

Disaster-induced displacement

Answer 18

a type of forced migration involving people who are forced to move because of natural disasters(e.g. volcanoes, hurricanes), environmental change(e.g. global warming, desertification, land degradation) and human-induced disasters(e.g. releases of radiation and chemicals)

Question 19

Refugee

Answer 19

a person residing outside his or her country of nationality, who is unable or unwilling to return because of a well-founded fear of persecution due to race, religion, nationality, membership in a political social group or political opinion

Question 20

Asylum seeker

Answer 20

a person who has left their country of origin in search of protection in another country,, but whose claim for refugee status has not been decided

Question 21

Internally displaced people(IDPs)

Answer 21

groups of people who have been forced to flee their home due to armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights, or natural or man-made disasters, and who are still living within their own country

Question 22

Development displacees

Answer 22

people compelled to move as a result of policies and projects to promote development

Question 23

Environmental and disaster displacees(also called environmental refugees/disaster refugees)

Answer 23

individuals forced to migrate due to natural disasters, environmental change, or human-induced disasters

Question 23

Child mortality

Answer 23

the number of child deaths under the age of 5 per 1,000 live births

Question 24

Green Revolution

Answer 24

a period of significant agricultural transformation that occured in the mid-20th century(1940s-1960s) which involved the development of high-yielding crop varieties(especially wheat and rice), which greatly increased food supplies

Question 25

Gender Development Index(GDI)

Answer 25

a measure of diffrences in male and female achievements in health, education and command over economic resources

Question 26

Urban growth

Answer 26

the increase in the number of people living in urban areas

Question 27

Urbanisation

Answer 27

the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 28

Rural depopulation

Answer 28

the fall in population of rural areas

Question 29

Counter-urbanisation

Answer 29

the process by which an increasing number of people within a country live in the countryside instead of in towns and cities

Question 30

Circular migration

Answer 30

the temporary and repetitive movement of people between two or more places(often involving a cycle of migration rather than permanent relocation)