Challenges and opportunities Details Flashcards
Advantages of ageing populations
-The elderly may already have the needed skills and training
-The elderly may look after their grandchildren and therefore allow both parents to work
Problems with ageing populations
-HIgh cost of funding pensions and healthcare
-Inadequate nursing facilities
-Depletion of the labour force
-Deterioration of the economy
-Trade deficit
-Falling demand for schools and teachers
-New leisure facilities for the elderly
-Increased burden on the working population(to serve the dependent population)
-Reduced demand for goods from the smaller working population
Populations at risk of trafficking
-Refugees and migrants
-LGBTI people and religious minorities
-People with disabilities
-Stateless people
How the demographic dividend occurs
-The demographic dividend occurs when fertility rates decline(due to lower infant and child mortality rates)
-The decline in fertility often follows a decline in infant mortality as well as increased life expectancy
-This drop in fertility rates is not immediate, and the lag between falling death rates and falling birth rates produces a bulge in the population that surges through age groups
How the demographic dividend affects the dependency ratio
-The increased number of young people(due to the demographic devidend) initially increases the dependency ratio
-Eventually though, this cohort begins to enter the workforce
-As fertility rates continue to fall and the elderly population still have relatively short life expectancies, the dependency ratio drops dramatically
Benefits of the demographic dividend
-Increased labour supply
-Increased savings
-Generally healthier women(caused by decreased fertility rates)
-Parents can invest more resources per child(since they have less children), leading to better health and educational outcomes
-Increased government revenue
-Economic growth(due to increasing domestic demand brought about by the increasing GDP per capita and decreasing dependency ratios)
If the government cannot find jobs for the increased working population(due to the demographic dividend), then the demographic dividend will be more detrimental than anything(T/F)
True
Ways that countries can bring about the demographic dividend
-Investing in child survival and health programmes
-Commiting to voluntary family planning
-Investing in the reproductive health needs of youth
-Prioritizing education(especially secondary education for growth)
What happens after the demographic dividend?
The population cohort that created the demographic dividend grows old and retires, resulting in the dependency ratio increasing
