Changing Places - Section 2a The Impact Of External Forces On Changing Demographic And Cultural Characterisitcs

Question 1

What are 3 examples of external forces?

Answer 1

Government policies
Impacts of international or global institutions
Decisions of transnational corporations

Question 2

International institutions external force Harrogate

Answer 2

The increase in Eastern European, particularly polish people in the population is linked to the uk being part of the EU and laws on free movement of labour.
Harrogate now has more languages being spoken, English language courses being offered and new shops such as polish Sowa shop in the town centre.

Question 3

Government policy external forces Harrogate

Answer 3

uk government policy on affordable housing (at least 10% must be affordable)
Harrogate council follows this however some developments have around 25% housing as affordable eg) Pannal new development of over 120 new homes.
Increased property developers + companies to build more low cost housing causing conflict.

Question 4

Decisions of transnational corporations (TNCs) external force Harrogate

Answer 4

Many global TNC shops such as primark, next, m&s have located themselves in Harrogate.
This is affecting the lived experience and character creating a clone town in certain streets/areas eg) Cambridge street
Reduction in independent stores - could be considered placelessness on these areas
In recent years chain stores have left Harrogate due to poor sales eg) h&m - this has led to many vacant units in town making footfall decrease.

Question 5

Government policy external force Brick Lane

Answer 5

After the Second World War the government encouraged immigration from new commonwealth countries.
Brick lane - an area where Bangladeshi migrants settled has had significant impacts 41% Bangladeshi origin, 45.6% Muslim
Area now named Spitalfields and Banglatown
Built environment changed to provide services for the Bangladesh community, for example a church became a chapel

Question 6

Decisions of transnational corporations (TNCs) external force Brick Lane

Answer 6

TNCs such as Pret have started to locate on Brick Lane due to high number of tourists and footfall in the area.
It sparked claims that one of most creative neighbourhoods in London is loosing its soul
Tried to make shop front black to fit into surroundings instead of red
Independent business owners still worry about impact it will have on the area.
Some argue the unique character of the street is being eroded as TNCs move in