Contemprary Urban Enviroments - Section 1 Urban Policy Flashcards
What is urban policy?
Relates to the strategies chosen by local or central government to manage the development urban areas and reduce urban problems.
What date was the property-led initiatives urban policy?
1979-1991
What date were the partnership schemes urban policy?
1991-1997
What date was the area-based initiatives?
1997-2000s
What is the focus of property-led initiatives?
Greater emphasis on the role of the private sector to regenerate inner city areas - physical, social and economic regeneration using public money to attract private investment.
Coalition boards set up with people from the local business community and encouraged to spend public money on buying land, building infrastructure and marketing to attract private investment.
Why was the London Docklands Development Corporation needed?
Larger vessels couldn’t access the docks
Decline of port industries 20% jobs lost
Popualtion decline
Poor housing
What were the successes of London Docklands?
Physical regeneration - 160,000 trees planted
Social - 8000 local authority homes refurbished
120,000 jobs generated unemployment fell from 14.2%-7.4%
Economic - accessibility improved - London city airport band Docklands light railway built
What were the limitations/criticisms of London Docklands?
New high-tech jobs not suitable for traditional docks workers who lacked appropriate skills
Local resentment - locals had no say in developments about the change in community
Failed to bring wealth to locals income per household less than average income in Canary Wharf by 25%
What is the focus of the partnership schemes?
leadership and partnership between local communities, voluntary sector and the local authority.
tackling social, economic and environmental problems in run- down parts of the city.
Why was the regeneration needed in Hulme, Manchester?
City partnership schemes
1960s - redeveloped as part of a slum clearance programme.
High-rise, crescent flats, with deck access, were built.
£37.5 mill investment with plans to build 3000 houses, new shopping areas, roads and community facilities
What were the City challenge: hulme limitations?
Increased social problems eg) crime in crescent flats
High unemployment rates due to deindustrialisation
What were the City challenge: hulme successes?
600 new homes
Appearance changed dramatically
Crime reduced
Unemployment fallen but not as fast as other parts of the city
What is the focus of area-based initiatives?
Narrowing the gap in social, economic indicators between most deprived and rest of country.
Local authorities set targets to improve levels of health,education, employment.
What was regeneration like and why was it needed? - area based initiatives Devonport Regeneration Company, Plymouth
Dockside area needed improvements to environment - heavily bombed in ww2 as navy port was close.
Large 3m wall constructed to give greater security
Bottom up approach - residents informed of decisions
Dividing naval wall was removed, inter-war housing and flats demolished, historical landmarks
incorporated into the redevelopment.
What were the successes of area based initiatives? - Devonport Regeneration Company, Plymouth
Physical appearance changed dramatically - inter war housing and flats demolished
More sustainable as it’s a bottom up approach
