Changing places glossary Flashcards
big data
describe extremely large datasets - learn a lot if we analyse effectively
code
title used by researcher to label and sort sections of text according to theme
different codes applied to individual paragraphs or lines of text within a qualitative data source
deciles
one of ten equal subsections that a population may be divided up into, according to distribution of ranked values of a particular variable
demographic characteristics
characteristics of popualtion
deprivation
meaningful measure of povert, defined in terms of people’s lack of access to social and economic necessities
The Townsend Index of material deprivation incorporation 4 variables: unemployment, non-care ownership, non-home ownership, household overcrowding
dialext
particular form of language which is peculiar to a place, region, social group
distant place
somewhere individual or society perceives being physically distant
beyond spatial distance, such perception may be shaped by networks of infrastruction (transport, communication) or access to them
such as place may be viewed by some as different, alien, exotic
endogenous factor
key aspect of places local geography that helps shape its unique character e.g. geology
English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)
measure of deprivation which ranks neighbourhoods across the country according to combination of 7 domains of deprivation
used to inform national and local government decision-making and associated patterns of investment
exogenous factors
relationship with another place/s that help to shape unique character of place e.g. membership of European Union
seen in movement or flow of people, resources, money, ideas across space
fairtrade
value-based organisation and trademark that aims to tackle injustices of globalised economy
forces of change
range of different individuals, community groups, companies, governments, national and international institutions that influence the place-making process
gatekeeper
describe individuals within a community or insitution who grant researcher access to people or sources of data by virtue of their economic role or social standing
genius loci
describe key characteristics of place, with which any new developments must concur
geospatial data
data with spatial or geographic component, meaning it can be mapped
ghetto
area of city in which large numbers of people of particular minority ethnic group live
heritage tourism
travel to experience places, artefacts, activities that represnt stories and people of past
identity
who a person is, both in terms of how others view/define them, how they see themselves
shaped by where they live and homeland (place of birth)
locale
setting where everyday life activities take place
people behave in certain way in a locale, according to social norms or rules
location
physical position that can be plotted on a map
metropolitan
spatial area that is greater than the limits of city it relates to
includes densley-populated urban core and its surrounding suburbs that are bound to city by employment, commerce and infrastructure
myths
socially-constructed versions of reality that may as result of of history be thought of as common sense
national identity
one’s feeling of association with and sense of belonging to a nation or country
Orientalism
Edward Said’s theory that historically Europeans held patronizing view of people in Orient, a region that included the Middle East, north Africa, Asia
Europeans viewed these cultures as being not only exotic but decadent and corrupt
such view of Orient was used to justify actions of imperial powers
some theorists aruge that it is a view of these cultures that persists in West today
other
someone or something that is different, alien, exotic
person living in distat place defined by ‘other’ by individuals or society as result of the perceived contrast between ‘them’ and ‘us’
out of place
feeling of not being ‘normal’ in context of aprticular society or locale
place
more than its physical location, place is a space given meaning by people
placelessness
idea that particular landscape ‘could be anywhere’ because it lacks unique features
some UK highstreets criticised for being dominated by identically-branded chain stores
place study
investigation of place and its developing character involving collection, analysis and interpretation of both quantitative and qualitative data including representations of it in media
planning blight
reduction of economic activity and property values in particular lace resulting from expected or potential future development or restrictions on development
provenance
context in which a soruce or text is produced, which may give clues to its purpose
racial integration
bringing together and mixing of different racial groups qhich previously were segregated
rebranding
process to rename and reimage location to boost footfall, investment and wider social and economic prospects of place
cultural reconstruction of place (reimaging) likely to employ range of diff media, to contest existing images or meanings of same location
Rust Belt
region that stretches across north-east USA, the Great Lakes and Midwest states that suggered from economic decline of key industries; once called Steel Belt
segregation
separation of people of different backgrounds, wealth, cultures, nationalities
sense of place
individual’s subjective and emotional attachment to a place, its place meaning
social exclusion
prevention of groups from being included within particular communities, perhaps as result of poverty
socially constructed
concept that perception of area or landscape not down to its innate presence but has been artificially constructed perhaps by powerful members of elite or companies and community groups
space
three-dimensional surface of Earth
container in which objects are located and human behaviour is played out
spatial exclusion
prevention of groups from being included within particular space or location such as with gated communities
topography
shape of land and distribution of its features
topophilia
strong attachment to place
topophobia
dread or adverse reaction to place
tourist gaze
what visitor sees or experiences of place of interest
organised or edited by professionals in the tourist industry
trailhead attraction
primary attraction to which visitors flock and from which they are subsequently redirected to secondary attractions benefitting the wider district, city, region
underrepresentation
when proportion of group participating in activity is significantly lower than proportion should be, according to whole population statistics
e,g, in 2001 less than 1% of visitors to National Parks were of minority ethnic background, whereas porportion of minority ethnics in UK population as a whole was 10%
white flight
movement of white people out of city to suburbs
xenophobia
fear of people from other countries
attachment
strong bond to a place
clone town
settlements where the high street dominated by chain stores
experienced place
those places that person has soent time in
glocalisation
when multinational companies adapt to local marketplace e.g. McDonalds
insider
dominant groups with social, economic, cultural power within a place, may make people in minority feel out of place
media place
those places that person has only read about or seen in film
perception of place
way a place is viewed or regared by people
can be influenced by media representation or personal experience
outsider
person or group of people who may feel ‘out of place’ due to actions of dominant group
re-imaging
disassociates a place from bad pre-existing images in relation to poor housing, social deprivation, high levels of crime, environmental dereliction
can attract new investment, retailing, tourists, residents
