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The Quest For Civil Rights 1917-8- > Changing patterns and approaches 1955 - 1968 > Flashcards

Changing patterns and approaches 1955 - 1968 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

1955

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2
Q

What occurred on the Montgomery Bus?

A

Rosa Parks was ordered to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus

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3
Q

What happened to Rosa Parks?

A

Arrested

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4
Q

What was formed after Rosa Park got arrested?

A

Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)

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5
Q

Who was the leader of the MIA?

A

Martin Luther King Jr

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6
Q

What did the MIA do to protest?

A
  • Handed out leaflets and held meetings to publicise the arrest and the boycott
  • Organised taxis and other transport to get people to work
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7
Q

How long did the Montgomery bus boycott last for?

A

380 days

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8
Q

Why did the Supreme Court have to act on the bus Boycott?

A

Due to the publicity the boycott gained

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9
Q

When was bus segregation ruled unconstitutional?

A

1956

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10
Q

What court case ruled bus segregation unconstitutional?

A

Browder v Gayle

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11
Q

What did Martin Luther King Jr set up?

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

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12
Q

What were the rules of protests? (3)

A
  • Must be clear who the oppressor is and never give the media the image of a violent black oppressor
  • Getting arrested as publicly as possible
  • Accept as many white people as you can
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13
Q

Who was the racist governor of Arkansas?

A

Orval Faubus

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14
Q

What occurred at Little Rock?

A

in 1957, 9 black children were selected to attend the previously all-white Central High School, they were met with mobbing and Faubus sent the state National Guard to stop these children from entering.

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15
Q

How many reporters and photographers were present?

A

250

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16
Q

President Eisenhower’s reaction:

A

Sent in federal troops to restore order

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17
Q

What court ruling was obtained by Little Rock?

A

Cooper v Aaron (1958)

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18
Q

However, how long did it take for Central High and other Little Rock schools were integrated?

A

Central High - 1960
Other Little Rock schools - 1972

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19
Q

When was the Greensboro sit-in?

A

1960

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20
Q

What occurred at the Greensboro sit-ins?

A

4 black students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro

21
Q

How many joined the next day and the following days?

A

Next day - 30 students joined them
Following days - all seats were occupied by black students

22
Q

How were they presented in the media?

A

Calm, well-dressed black students waiting to be served while a crowd of white louts yelled at them

23
Q

How many cities introduced some form of desegregation due to the Greensboro sit-ins?

A

150 cities

24
Q

How many students emulated them across the South?

A

70,000 students

25
Q

What organisation did the students form?

A

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

26
Q

What was one of the most important tasks of the SNCC?

A

Encourage voter registration

27
Q

What did the Eisenhower administration draw up in 1956?

A

A civil rights bill

28
Q

What was the Eisenhower civil rights bill attempting to remedy?

A

Only 20% of black Southerners were able to vote

29
Q

When were the freedom rides held?

A

1961

30
Q

Who organised the freedom rides?

A

James Farmer of CORE

31
Q

What was the aim of the freedom rides?

A

Test whether bus restroom facilities had bee desegregated

32
Q

What did the freedom rides intend to create?

A

James Farmer had said ‘the specific intention of creating a fire’

33
Q

When was the Birmingham, Alabama campaign?

A

1963

34
Q

What was King’s approach?

A

He know racist law enforcement officials would mistreat protesters and thereby publicise Southern white racism

35
Q

What was a tactic used in the Birmingham, Alabama campaign?

A

To get arrested and fill the jails by the end of the month

36
Q

Children during the Birmingham, Alabama Campaign:

A

Marched with the crowd and shocking pictures of hire-pressure fire hoses and dogs being used on them

37
Q

President Kennedy’s response to Birmingham Alabama:

A

Sent in federal troops to restore calm on 12 May and following that Birmingham was desegregated

38
Q

When was the Civil Rights Act?

A

1964

39
Q

What did a poll after Birmingham show?

A

42% people thought race was the USA’s most pressing problem (only 4% of people said this in 1962)

40
Q

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act end?

A

De Jure segregation in the South

41
Q

When was Freedom Summer?

A

1964

42
Q

What did the SNCC decide to push on?

A

Voter registration

43
Q

What did the SNCC do to push for Voter registration?

A

They had volunteers in the South to encourage black people to register and to train them to pass the voter registration tests

44
Q

How many volunteers did they send and who did they send?

A

45 volunteers, mostly young, white and pay their own way out of bail

45
Q

How many died during Freedom Summer?

A

6 murders

46
Q

How many shooting incidents and countless beatings were there during Freedom Summer?

A

35

47
Q

How many black people tried to register to vote that year and how many were accepted?

A
  • 17,000 black people tried to register to vote
  • Only 1,600 were accepted
48
Q

When was the Voting Rights Act?

A

1965

The Quest For Civil Rights 1917-8- (10 decks)

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