Changing patterns and approaches 1955 - 1968

Question 1

When was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Answer 1

1955

Question 2

What occurred on the Montgomery Bus?

Answer 2

Rosa Parks was ordered to give up her seat to a white man on a segregated bus

Question 3

What happened to Rosa Parks?

Answer 3

Arrested

Question 4

What was formed after Rosa Park got arrested?

Answer 4

Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)

Question 5

Who was the leader of the MIA?

Answer 5

Martin Luther King Jr

Question 6

What did the MIA do to protest?

Answer 6

• Handed out leaflets and held meetings to publicise the arrest and the boycott
• Organised taxis and other transport to get people to work

Question 7

How long did the Montgomery bus boycott last for?

Answer 7

380 days

Question 8

Why did the Supreme Court have to act on the bus Boycott?

Answer 8

Due to the publicity the boycott gained

Question 9

When was bus segregation ruled unconstitutional?

Answer 9

1956

Question 10

What court case ruled bus segregation unconstitutional?

Answer 10

Browder v Gayle

Question 11

What did Martin Luther King Jr set up?

Answer 11

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Question 12

What were the rules of protests? (3)

Answer 12

• Must be clear who the oppressor is and never give the media the image of a violent black oppressor
• Getting arrested as publicly as possible
• Accept as many white people as you can

Question 13

Who was the racist governor of Arkansas?

Answer 13

Orval Faubus

Question 14

What occurred at Little Rock?

Answer 14

in 1957, 9 black children were selected to attend the previously all-white Central High School, they were met with mobbing and Faubus sent the state National Guard to stop these children from entering.

Question 15

How many reporters and photographers were present?

Answer 15

250

Question 16

President Eisenhower’s reaction:

Answer 16

Sent in federal troops to restore order

Question 17

What court ruling was obtained by Little Rock?

Answer 17

Cooper v Aaron (1958)

Question 18

However, how long did it take for Central High and other Little Rock schools were integrated?

Answer 18

Central High - 1960
Other Little Rock schools - 1972

Question 19

When was the Greensboro sit-in?

Answer 19

1960

Question 20

What occurred at the Greensboro sit-ins?

Answer 20

4 black students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro

Question 21

How many joined the next day and the following days?

Answer 21

Next day - 30 students joined them
Following days - all seats were occupied by black students

Question 22

How were they presented in the media?

Answer 22

Calm, well-dressed black students waiting to be served while a crowd of white louts yelled at them

Question 23

How many cities introduced some form of desegregation due to the Greensboro sit-ins?

Answer 23

150 cities

Question 24

How many students emulated them across the South?

Answer 24

70,000 students

Question 25

What organisation did the students form?

Answer 25

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Question 26

What was one of the most important tasks of the SNCC?

Answer 26

Encourage voter registration

Question 27

What did the Eisenhower administration draw up in 1956?

Answer 27

A civil rights bill

Question 28

What was the Eisenhower civil rights bill attempting to remedy?

Answer 28

Only 20% of black Southerners were able to vote

Question 29

When were the freedom rides held?

Answer 29

1961

Question 30

Who organised the freedom rides?

Answer 30

James Farmer of CORE

Question 31

What was the aim of the freedom rides?

Answer 31

Test whether bus restroom facilities had bee desegregated

Question 32

What did the freedom rides intend to create?

Answer 32

James Farmer had said 'the specific intention of creating a fire'

Question 33

When was the Birmingham, Alabama campaign?

Answer 33

1963

Question 34

What was King's approach?

Answer 34

He know racist law enforcement officials would mistreat protesters and thereby publicise Southern white racism

Question 35

What was a tactic used in the Birmingham, Alabama campaign?

Answer 35

To get arrested and fill the jails by the end of the month

Question 36

Children during the Birmingham, Alabama Campaign:

Answer 36

Marched with the crowd and shocking pictures of hire-pressure fire hoses and dogs being used on them

Question 37

President Kennedy's response to Birmingham Alabama:

Answer 37

Sent in federal troops to restore calm on 12 May and following that Birmingham was desegregated

Question 38

When was the Civil Rights Act?

Answer 38

1964

Question 39

What did a poll after Birmingham show?

Answer 39

42% people thought race was the USA's most pressing problem (only 4% of people said this in 1962)

Question 40

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act end?

Answer 40

De Jure segregation in the South

Question 41

When was Freedom Summer?

Answer 41

1964

Question 42

What did the SNCC decide to push on?

Answer 42

Voter registration

Question 43

What did the SNCC do to push for Voter registration?

Answer 43

They had volunteers in the South to encourage black people to register and to train them to pass the voter registration tests

Question 44

How many volunteers did they send and who did they send?

Answer 44

45 volunteers, mostly young, white and pay their own way out of bail

Question 45

How many died during Freedom Summer?

Answer 45

6 murders

Question 46

How many shooting incidents and countless beatings were there during Freedom Summer?

Answer 46

35

Question 47

How many black people tried to register to vote that year and how many were accepted?

Answer 47

- 17,000 black people tried to register to vote - Only 1,600 were accepted

Question 48

When was the Voting Rights Act?

Answer 48

1965