Changing Gov policies toward Aboriginal People Flashcards

1
Q

When was the protective legislation adopted?

A

From mid 19th century, Australia colonial and state governments adopted protective legislation and policies.

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2
Q

When did the Protection start and end?

A

1896 -1937

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3
Q

What was the purpose of protection?

A

Policies to control how Aboriginals lived and to segregate them from the white population.

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4
Q

what did the protection deny from aboriginals? What arguments did government use?

A

Denied independence and basic human rights.
Governments justify this by arguing that they were ‘civilising’ and defending the morality of the defenceless Aboriginal community.

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5
Q

What did the protection control?

A
  • movements: kept on fenced reserves (need permission to leave or enter)
  • leisure activities: traditional customs forbidden, closely watched with an emphasis on Christian worship as main community activity)
  • work,earnings: all wages and property owned by the protector (need to permission to spend money from saving account)
  • marriage and family life: needed permission, traditional names forbidden, children separated and sent to ‘school’.
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6
Q

Why did the Aboriginal Protection Board close down reserves and stations in NSW?

A

needed for soldier settlement scheme.

Homes of Aboriginal people whose links with that land stretched back thousands of years.

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7
Q

By what year had there been a decline in the Aboriginal Population?

A

by the 1920s

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8
Q

What came next? What were its affects? (assimilation)

A

In 1937, Commonwealth government held national conference on aboriginal affairs. Concluded that way forwrd was to ensure people not of full Aboriginal blood were absorbed into towns and cities and the wider white community. 1937 - 1965: Assimilation

The affects include: loss of cultural identity but have their ‘status’ raised.

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9
Q

What was it for? (assimilation)

A

The government called this a ‘policy of opportunity’.

Designed to make aboriginal people behave as whites

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10
Q

What would happen when accept it? (assimilation)

A

“reward” were given for abonding family ties and traditional ways, including:
pensions and welfare payments
certificate of exemption from Protection Act regulations

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11
Q

What improvement were made between 1941 and 1943? (assimilation)

A

1941 - child endowments payments granted if not living a ‘nomadic’ lifestyle
1942 - eligible for old age and invalid pensions
1943 - Certificate of Exemption issued as a step towards full citizenship.

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12
Q

By 1951 what happened? (assimilation)

A

all the australian states accepted the principles of assimialtion

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13
Q

What had the Aus states fail to deal with? (assimilation)

A

discrimination in terms of education, employment, housing and health persisted.

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14
Q

In 1951, Paul Hasluck: (assimilation)

A

Became the Federal Minister of Territories, and organised a meeting to find a way to improve the conditions and treatments of Aboriginal people.
In 1951, at the third Native Welfare Conference, he successfully promoted the policy of assimilation for all Aboriginal people.

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15
Q

What did assimilation force?

A

abandoning traditional values and community life and fitting into white society by becoming ‘Europeanised’.

Forced to move from reserves into the towns or cities. some set up fringe camps.

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16
Q

What was the success of assimilation judged by?

A

the extent to which Aborigines were or were not behaving like white people

17
Q

What did fringe camps allow aboriginal people to do? (assimilation)

A

maintain a communal way of life with the independence to manage their own financial affairs.

18
Q

What 3 distinct aboriginal groups were there? (assimilation)

A

Tribal Aborigines - live traditional way of life
Those living on reserves - suppose to be protected but really under the control of government
Those living in fringe camps or in major cities

19
Q

What was certificate of exemption?

A

a certificate to prove that you are no longer the subject to the provisions of the Aboriginal Protection Act and regulations or any such provisions.

20
Q

Effects of Assimilation policy?

A

look list in binder!!!

21
Q

What was the reason to the shift of policies to integration?

A

new migrants entering aus since end of WW2. Gov try to fine balance between having their ways and adapting to the Aus was of life

22
Q

What was integration?

A

unlike assimilation, did not require a person to deny their cultural background/language to become a valuable member in society.

23
Q

Faults of integration?

A

right direction but fell short of recognising true values of other cultures
still expected in citizens to adapt to the need to country rather than other way around.

24
Q

When did assimilation start and end??

A

1937-1965