Changes of State and Separation

Question 1

What is matter and the 3 states of it?

Answer 1

Matter is anything that has mass/takes up space

1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas

Question 2

What are the properties of a solid, a liquid and a gas?

Answer 2

Solid: Particles tightly packed. Cannot move out of position
Liquid: Particles loosely packed. Flow over each other
Gas: Particles constantly moving. Spread out in the space theyre in

Question 3

What are the changes up state of:
Solid to liquid
Solid to gas
Liquid to solid
Liquid to gas
Gas to liquid

Answer 3

• Melting
• Sublimation
• Freezing
• Evaporation
• Condensation

Question 4

What is Physical Change and what is Chemical Change?

Answer 4

Physical change: matter changes shape but no new substance is formed eg. melting and freezing (boiling water in a kettle, ice cream melting)
Chemical change: a new substance is formed eg. nail rusting, baking a cake, burning wood

Question 5

What is a mixture?

Answer 5

-A mixture consists of two or more different substances mingled together but not chemically combined eg. seawater: water and salt

Question 6

Method to separate insoluble solids from liquids?

Answer 6

• Filtaration
• Pour sand an water into another beaker with filter paper on the top of it.
• The filter paper acts as a sieve and only the water will pass through

Question 7

Method to separate soluble solid from liquids?

Answer 7

• Evaporation
• Place a evaporation dish with a salt and water mixture on a tripod stand over a bunsen burner
• Water will evaporate and salt crystals will be left in the dish

Question 8

Method to separate two liquids that have different boiling points?

Answer 8

• Distillation eg. using alcohol and water
• Alcohol boils at 78C, water boils at 100C
• Alcohol will pass through the liebig condenser and will be collected in the beaker.
• Water will be left in the original beaker

Question 9

Method to separate small amount of substances in a mixture?

Answer 9

• Chromatography eg. using black ink
• Place water in a gas jar and place a piece of chromatography paper with a black ink dot at the bottom, making sure it is not in the water
• Water travels up the paper and the dyes that are most soluble will rise the furthest on the paper