Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is an acid?
- pH less than 7
- corrosive
- turn blue litmus paper red
- sour taste
eg. hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid
What is a base?
- pH greater than 7
- corrosive
- turn red litmus paper blue
- soapy texture
- an alkali is a base soluble in water
eg. bread soda, bleech
What is the pH scale and the universal indicator?
pH Scale: Tells the strength of an acid or a base 0-14
Universal indicator: Tests the exact pH by matching the colour change to the chart
What is an indicator?
A substance that shows by mean of colour change if a substance is an acid or a base
eg. red cabbage turns red in acid, green in base
What is a neutralisation and give 3 everyday examples
Acid and base react to produce salt and water.
- Toothpaste is basic-neutralises acid in plaque
- shampoo is basic-conditioner is acidic
- heartburn (hydrochloric acid)-rennies contain base
What is a titration and what are the equipment used?
A titration is a method used to find that exact volume of acid to neutralise a base
- Burette: long narrow tube, closed with a tap on the bottom Acid is placed in the burette
- Pipette: delivers the exact volume of solution. Pipette fillers are used to draw the solution into the pipette
- Conical flask: designed so that liquid can be swirled during titration. In an acid-base titration the base is places in the conical flask. A white tile is placed under the flask so the colour change can be seen easily.
What are reactions of acids and bases?
Neutralisation reaction:
Acid + Base -> salt + water
eg. hydrochloric acid+sodium hydroxide -> sodium chloride and water
Metal reactions:
Acid + Metal Carbonate -> Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
eg. hydrochloric acid+calcium carbonate -> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
Acid and Metal Carbonate -> salt+hydrogen gas
eg/ hydrochloric acid+magnesium -> magnesium chloride+hydrogen gas
